RECORDS OF THE PAST

_______________

BEING
ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS
OF THE
ASSYRIAN AND EGYPTIAN MONUMENTS

PUBLISHED UNDER THE SANCTION
OF
THE SOCIETY OF BIBLICAL ARCHAEOLOGY
 

VOLUME TWO:

EGYPTIAN TEXTS

___________________

NOTE

Every Text here given is either now translated for first time, or has been specially revised by the Author to the date of this publication.

CONTENTS

{p.i}

PREFACE

THE second volume of the "RECORDS OF THE PAST" contains a translation of some of the principal Egyptian texts in the hieroglyphic and hieratic character. Although the interpretation of the Egyptian has been pursued for nearly half a century, and the progress made has been quite satisfactory, so that the nature and tenor of all inscriptions and texts are made out, some difficulties still lie in the way about certain points, and some difference of opinion prevails about the meaning of a few words or their exact equivalents in transcribing them into modern letters. These however are comparatively few, and the different transcriptions are not greater than those found in the works of scholars who have translated or written works upon modern Oriental languages. It is indeed to be regretted that one uniform mode of spelling or transcribing the same word in Oriental languages, has not been adopted by scholars, but notwithstanding the proposal of different universal systems for this {p.ii} purpose, none has hitherto been adopted. The state in which all ancient documents have come down to the present day is that of mutilation, more or less severe, according to the dangers to which they have been exposed. On monuments engraved on stone it is sometimes greater than on the more fragile materials, such as papyrus or leather used for the purposes of writing. Although it is possible to supply the smaller lacunae by conjectures, more or less happy, of the obvious meaning, some monuments have lost so much of their text that the attempt to restore it would be misleading the general inquirer. Each translator uses his judgment in this respect, and restorations of texts like those of injured sculpture must be accepted for what they are worth. In the present work they are inserted between brackets, to distinguish them from passages which exist in the originals but the meaning of which is doubtful, which are given in italics. Besides the difficulties already mentioned there are others in Egyptian texts, such as an occasional and startling change of the personal pronoun, and an abrupt transition of tense. These were probably flights of fine writing, according to the Egyptian standard of taste, but have not the same merit at the present day. On the whole there is little idiom {p.iii}  in the texts, especially the historical, for after the fulsome laudation of deified sovereigns, which encumbers with its luxuriance the commencement of historical documents, the narrative is clear, and the metaphors sparingly introduced are at once simple and intelligible; the text marches to the cadence of a harmonious syntax.

There are some points to be remembered about the transcription of proper names of kings and other persons which appear in this little volume. The Egyptian kings had generally five, sometimes as many as six names and titles. Two of these only are of great importance for historical and chronological inquirers, those introduced into rings or so called cartouches. The first, the solar or divine name, is the praenomen; the second, the family or birth name. Some Egyptologists formerly translated the praenomen, but in consideration of the difficulty attending it, on account of the doubtful meaning of these praenomens and their historical importance, they have been of late transcribed, and will be so found in the volume, as RA-SER-KA, RA-MEN-KHEPER, RA-USER-MA. Some differences of transcription also prevail in names; some such as THOTHMES, having been transcribed TET-MES, TOT-MES, and even TAAUD-MES by {p.iv} different Egyptologists. In order to render the meaning still more perspicuous the Greek equivalent names have in a few cases been introduced and employed by different translators: thus the Egyptian word UN has been translated HELIOPOLIS, the Greek equivalent or name of the same city and HARPOCRATES has been in the same way introduced instead of its Egyptian form HAR-PA-KHRAT. Nothing has more impeded the general diffusion of Oriental knowledge and interest than the strange and unknown names which the general inquirer finds on opening translations of ancient or modern Oriental texts, although by degrees they are filtering into the public mind through their better known, and more euphonious Greek equivalents.

Although there is no doubt that the notes appended to the translations might have been extended and made more numerous, it would have been a great incumbrance to a work which is intended to popularise the translations of the texts themselves, and not to give dissertations on historical, chronological, or other points of interest. The notes however have been left to the discretion of each translator, who is alone, as in the case of the translation, responsible for them. The introductory pre- {p.v} faces have also, as far as possible, been restricted to the indications of the works when the text has been published and the locality where it has been found. The general or most salient points of interest which the inscription or text gives is also, when required, pointed out; as also the previous translations of which a translator may have in any way availed himself. Justice has therefore been rendered to former inquirers, whose labours have lighted the interpreter on his path through the gloom of centuries. Even when precise or general accounts of the contents have been published without a literal translation, they are noticed, so as not only to guide the public but also the student to the sources of information. In translations from prose compositions each line of the original text is indicated ; of poetical compositions, each verse. This renders the work a manual for students themselves, the more advanced can readily find and examine for themselves what they require, while beginners will have the advantages of translations at hand of a mass of texts, which, when studied, will render them masters of the Assyrian and Egyptian languages. Not only, therefore, it is hoped, will they offer to the public the principal results of these new branches of human learning, but they will stimu- {p.vi} late fresh inquirers to enrol themselves in the ranks of the corps of interpreters of the Past.

In Egypt, as in Babylonia and Assyria, these texts are of the highest antiquity; hieroglyphics are found as early as the second Egyptian dynasty, and documents in the cursive hand or demotic descend to the fifth century of the present era, while the spoken language, or Coptic, has not been extinct for more than two centuries. When it is considered that the texts are in most instances contemporaneous with the events they record, and written or executed under public control, it must be admitted that they are of the highest importance, both from their vast antiquity, and the seal of authority impressed upon them. They are very different from documents written by Greek and Roman historians, however conscientious or esteemed, who had to rely on the doubtful veracity of interpreters, and whose works only give a dim, shattered, or distorted reflection of the splendour of the ancient Eastern monarchies. It is from the new texts that the ancient history of Egypt and Central Asia has not only to be restored but absolutely reconstructed. Many of the inscriptions were not even accessible to Egyptians and Babylonians at a later period, for they have been exhumed from tombs hermetically sealed, or documents {p.vii} hopelessly buried; traditions only of their contents had been preserved, but the actual texts themselves have not escaped the eye of an age animated with the strongest thirst for historical knowledge. In these ancient nations a happy union of art and philology has reproduced a picture of the past of the most complete character. The texts, paintings, and sculptures all appear together and like illuminations on a giant scale, the events recorded by the pen are portrayed in their contemporary appearance by the pencil or the chisel. For Biblical Exegesis they are the most reliable contributaries which have appeared, new light has not only been thrown on the history of the Jews, but additional evidence has been given of the similarity of modes of thought, rituals, customs, and philology. It is simply impossible to ignore their value, for it would be a grievous error to reject all contemporary history, as told by the conterminous nations of Palestine, from the consideration of the age, details, and circumstances of events in which these nations were the principal actors. Whatever difficulties may present themselves in the diverse statements of the same events, owing to national pride or imperfect local knowledge, the reconciliation of conflicting statements is a mere question of time, and the acquirement {p.viii} of additional data to those already possessed, which are inadequate for the final solution of some of the more arduous problems. If indeed the usual argument that such translations, being in their nature to some extent uncertain, is to be adduced as a reason for not accepting their authority, let it be known that there is no greater discrepancy between the labours of Egyptologists and Assyriologists in this respect than between translations made from other ancient languages on which centuries of philological criticism have been expended; all translators agree in the main facts, and more cannot be said of past history or modern events than that the main facts, as narrated, are correct. It is a proof of the advance of civilization that so much attention should have been paid, and so much labour bestowed on the elucidation of these ancient texts. An age pre-eminent in material triumphs, the subjection of the elements, the acquirement of wealth, and the improvement of material prosperity has also seen the discovery of the lost treasures of antiquity, its mental activity not being limited by the mere alchemical love of gold. The number of translators, foreign and English, whose labours appear, are cited in the present volume, and most of them have placed their services for the love {p.ix} of the abstract and unendowed learning. The labours of the translators in both volumes have been rendered for the sake of science and truth alone. When appealed to, the most cordial response was given to the demand, and there is no greater pleasure than that of recording how cheerfully their aid was rendered to the production of these volumes.

The texts hitherto translated are only a portion of those which are known to exist in public museums and private hands; though much has been published, a larger number of texts still await translation, and fresh materials will no doubt be discovered, as although some sites are apparently exhausted, others are almost intact. The list given in the first volume will convey an idea of the extent of the different texts in Egyptian, Babylonian, and Assyrian, which probably rival in extent those of any other known ancient literature. It is hoped that sufficient interest will be aroused to the value of this work to cause the whole, or at all events all the most important texts of this ancient literature to appear in their translated form, as the two first volumes only open the series, and as equally interesting if not even still more attractive materials remain for the future numbers of the series. The result to Biblical {p.x} Archaeology, Chronology, the reconstruction of ancient Oriental History, and the fathoming of ancient thought cannot be too highly appreciated. The mounds, the sepulchres, the traces of primeval man, are unaccompanied by that Divine exponent of thought, a written language, but in these most ancient of the world's Records, humanity appears not as a babe, unintelligible, in swaddling clothes, but as an adult and reasonable being, that articulates to the nineteenth century the history of the cradle of its civilization.

S. BIRCH.

{p.1}

INSCRIPTION OF UNA
VIth DYNASTY
TRANSLATED BY S. BIRCH, LL.D.

THIS Inscription found by M. Mariette and subsequently placed in the Museum of Boulaq at Cairo, has been published and translated by the late Vicomte Em. de Rouge, Recherches sur les monuments: six premieres dynasties, 4to, Paris, 1866, p. 117 and foll. pt. 7, 8. The whole of the text, owing to the difficult passages which are in it, has not been translated by M. de Rouge, but a précis of the whole is given, with interlinear versions of the most important passages. It is one of the oldest historical texts known, and is of the period of the VIth dynasty. In it is found the earliest known mention of the Negroes, who seem at that remote period to have been {p.2} conquered by the Egyptians and conscribed for their armies. This text is not only one of the oldest historical documents of ancient Egypt but it is also of great interest. Unfortunately it is extremely difficult to translate, some portions being very obscure, and others mutilated or imperfect.

________________

INSCRIPTION OF UNA

1 I WAS made Crown Bearer of the Majesty (of the King) TETA, and (had) the dignity of Superintendent of the storehouse. The great house made me Registrar (Sacred Scribe) of the docks.
2 .... Chief of the coffer of the Majesty of (the King) PEPI, His Majesty gave me the rank of Companion, Scribe, Priest of the place of his pyramid ....
3 (gave me the dignity) of Scribe for a time¹ .... His Majesty was satisfied with me (beyond all) his servants. (He gave me also) to hear all things. I was also alone with the Royal Scribe, and officer of all the secrets
4 (built) in the name of the King of the royal seat of the temple of the Hexapolis. The King was satisfied with me more than any of his chiefs,² of his family,³ of his servants
5 any by the Majesty of the Divine
Lord I brought a white stone sarcophagus from the land of Ruau,⁴ His Majesty made me sail (there) as a Divine Sealer and Crown Bearer
6 I (departed) under his orders bringing this sarcophagus from Ruau. It came thence brought in the great boat of the inner palace with its cover,
7 a door, 2 jambs, and a pedestal⁵ never before was the like done by any servant, for I was very submissive to please the heart of His Majesty.
8 I was very submissive contenting the heart of His
______________
1 Or scribe for a time: temporary scribe.
2 Sar chiefs, or eunuchs.
3 Sahu "mummies" family or ancestors.
4 Or Rumakhu, an unknown locality.
5 Or basin.

{p.4}

Majesty I was satisfying His Majesty when I was, a Sacred Scribe¹ His Majesty made me sole companion, Superintendent of the dock
9 of the ... of the King, Superintendent of the land of Khent. I was also doing the wishes of His Majesty in making what was approved, in doing the paths of the King, in setting me up as Chief I also
10 made His Majesty satisfied with it above all things, and receiver of things in the royal seat for the great royal wife AMTES in private. His Majesty appointed me to be auditor of each. There was not
11 any Royal Scribe, Magistrate, or Chief there except me alone so greatly to the contentment to the heart of His Majesty, and satisfying His Majesty there, I was made sole Scribe
12 and sole secret Scribe while my rank in the palace was Superintendent of the land of Khent; never was like an auditor of secrets of the palace before except when His Majesty appointed
13 one on account of the great confidence of His Majesty more than all his chiefs, all his Courtiers,² all his servants. His Majesty turned the things of the Amu of the Herusha
14 His Majesty made soldiers of numerous ten thousands in the land of the South, likewise he went up in Northern Abu³ .... in the land of the North in the also there
15 in the land of Ster, within the land of Ster in the land of Aarut, the Negroes from Nam, the Negroes from Amam the Negroes
16 from Uauat, the Negroes from Kau the Negroes from
______________
1 Or scribe for a time: or of the "door" or "mouth" temporary scribe.
2 Or family Sahu.
3 Elephantine.

{p.5}

the land of Tatam His Majesty placed me at the head of that army.
17 Lo the Nomarchs, the Chancellors, the sole friends of the palace, the Superintendents, the Rulers of the nomes of the North and South, the friends, Superintendents of gold
18 the Superintendent of the Priests of the South and North, the Superintendents of the register and at the head Officers of the South and the land of the North, and of the cities drilled¹ the Negroes of these lands.
19 I made the arrangement; lo my rank in the palace was Superintendent of the land of Khent making a road to the place to the best of my hands (ability). I was alone there as a second of His Majesty
20 to the best of my power there; wearing out my sandals² going in the road to the best of leading. I was alone there, laden in every place
21 to the best of my leading one of each of his family, of all persons, they placed them at the pool of the North, the morning of the day of bringing in peace the footstool of HORUS Lord of Truth, then were the .... of
22 .... all good things. Went the of that force, never was there a better going of any servants, this force came
23 in safety rinding as it wished the land of Herusha. Went this army in peace it subdued the land of Herusha.
24 This army came in safety it founded the fortresses of Herusha. This army came safely it cut down
25 its figs and its grapes, this army came safely it set fire to .... all the Negroes. Came this army
_________
1 Rather "likewise" "also" "of."
2 Or, possibly, " having sandals in my hand."

{p.6}

26 in safety it bound the troops there by many ten thousands. This army came safely (it took the enemy)
27 there by very many in number as living captives His Majesty was pleased at it above all things. He sent me to set right ....
28 five times, to subdue the land of Herusha to subdue their revolt by this force His Majesty was pleased at it beyond everything
29 Saying, have revolted the Negroes of this tribe of the land of Khetam, safely to Takhisa; I sailed
30 again in boats with this force. I subdued this country from the extreme frontier
31 on the North of the land of Herusha. Then was ordered this army on the road. They subdued them also
32 smiting all opponents there. The place was thrown under my sandals. The King of Upper and Lower Egypt MERENRA the Divine Lord the ever living gave me
33 to be a Duke, Governor of the South ascending from Abu¹ to the North of the nome Letopolis. I very much pleased His Majesty, I greatly pleased His Majesty to the satisfaction of His Majesty.
34 I kept them under my sandals, His Majesty praised (me) on account of it selecting me that I was made in the place of a Chief more than all his eunuchs, all his household,
35 all his servants. Never was this dignity granted to any servant before. He appointed me also Governor of the South. I attended to the best of my hands in it, without a second
36 making all the constructions, and preparing all the things which were to be prepared for the inner palace in that land of the South redoubling every hour the preparations for the palace in that land of the South a
___________
1 Elephantine.

{p.7}

second time made the eunuch (or Chief) of ....
37 constructing in that land Never was the like done in the South before, and was praised on account of it. His Majesty sent me
38 to Abha to bring (for) the living Lord the Sarcophagus of the living with its cover and pyramidion, a statue for the pyramid Shanefer of the (King) MERENRA, the Divine Ruler
39 His Majesty sent me to Abu¹ to bring a granite door-way with sill, granite doors and lintels
40 to bring granite doorway, and sills, of the cornice on it, for the Shanefer pyramid of MERENRA, the Divine Ruler. I transported
41 (them) forthwith to the Shanefer pyramid of the King MERENRA in 6 boats of burthen three towing boats, 3 boats of 8 lengths, for the troops one vessel, never was there at Abha
42 (and) Abu¹ a vessel of war in days of any King. All things were (according) to what His Majesty had ordered, all things were so, according to all the orders of His Majesty there. His Majesty sent me to Hanub to bring a great slab² (or altar) of alabaster of Hanub I also extracted that slab in 17 days. Extracted
43 from Hanub to place in its boat, to transport it in that boat of burthen
44 I made for it a boat of burthen in the little dock 60 cubits in length and 30 in its breadth, put together in 17 days in the month of Epiphi. Then there was not
45 water in the turns (of the river) to tow to the pyramid
____________
1 Elephantine.
2 Or, load, hetp is a table, or altar. A boat of 60 cubits long or about 100 feet would take in a load or slab.

{p.8}

Shanefer of MERENRA safely. It was done forthwith by me before the god¹ (King). His Majesty the Divine Lord ordered and sent me to excavate 4 docks
46 in the South for 3 boats of burthen, 4 transports in the small basin of the land of Uauat. Then the Rulers of the countries of Areret, Aam, and Ma,
47 supplied the wood for them. It was made in about a year at the time of the inundation loaded with very much granite for the Shanefer pyramid of MERENRA. Then was made to be constructed
48 an edifice in these four docks likewise to invoke the spirits of the King of Upper and Lower Egypt MERENRA ever living more than all the gods for all things were done
49 before the god (King) as His Divine Majesty ordered, I was the beloved of his father, the praised of his mother, the Chief,²
50 the delight of his brethren, the Duke, 8 the Governor of the South, the truly devoted to Osiris was I.
__________
1 Or "as the king liked."
2 Or ha, "chief."

{p.9}

THE INSTRUCTIONS OF KING AMENEMHAT I TO HIS SON USERTESENI
XIIth DYNASTY
BY
G. MASPERO,
Docteur-es-Lettres, Professeur au College de France, et a 1'Ecole des Hautes Etudes.

TO establish a correct text of this important work I had at my disposal: 1st Papyrus Sallier II. (pt. 1, 1. 1 pt. Ill, 1. 9.), 2nd the unpublished Papyrus Millingen, a fac-simile of which I owe to the kindness of M. Jacques de Rouge; 3rd Papyrus Sallier I, (p. viii. verso); 4th, Ostracon 3623, and 5th, Ostracon 3638 of the British Museum. The manuscript 4920 of Louvre which contains at least the first half of the text is almost entirely illegible and was of no use to me.

Out of five available sources, only one contains a complete copy of The Instructions of Amenemhat, and {p.10} that most incorrectly, viz., Papyrus Sallier II. The Papyrus Millingen is correct enough, and when entire contained the whole of the work: it is unfortunately mutilated at the end, and fails exactly where it was most wanted. Sallier I, Ostraca 3623 and 3638 have only portions of the text indifferently written by careless scribes. Taking The Instructions of Amenemhat to have been divided as they are in the Papyrus Millingen into fifteen verses, there is for each of them the following authorities: ver. i. vii. Pap. Sallier I, II; Pap. Millingen; Ostracon 3623: ver. viii., Pap. Sallier II; Pap, Millingen; Ostracon 3623: ver. ix., Pap. Sallier II; Pap. Millingen; Ostraca 3623, 3638: ver. x.-xii., Pap. Sallier II; Pap. Millingen; Ostracon 3638: ver. xiii.-xv, Pap. Sallier II; fragments of Pap. Millingen.

M. Goodwin gave an analysis of the text in his paper in the Cambridge Essays on Hieratic Papyri (1858) and translated about six or seven lines of it.

____________

{p.11}

TRANSLATION

1 The beginning of the Instructions made by His Majesty the King of Upper and Lower Egypt RASH'OTE-PHET Son of the Sun AMENEMHAT deceased: He says in a dream unto his son the Lord intact,¹ he says rising up like a god: "Listen to what I speak unto thee: Now thou art a King of earth,² rulest thou now over the three regions, act even better than did thy predecessors.³

2 Let concord be kept between the subjects and thyself,⁴ lest people should give their heart up to fear. Being amongst them, do not isolate thyself; let not (only) the landed lords and noblemen fill thy heart like brothers, and grant not access unto thee to people whose friendship has not been long tried.⁵

3 Apply thyself⁶ to strengthen thy heart, because there are no more servants, O man, in the day of thy need. As for myself, I have given to the humble and made the
_____________
1 Neb-er-zer, "the lord intact," a title of Osiris in opposition with Sep, Sepi, Osiris dismembered by Set.
2 Thus after Sallier I, 1. 2, and Pap. Mill. pt. i. 1. 2.
3 Lit. "Act more than the Graces, nowre ; the word noivre, like our title "Sa Grace," being reserved to kings, gods, or men of high rank.
4 Lit. "and himself."
5 Lit. "Do not let men be coming in, not being duration of friendship."
6 Sic. Pap. Mill., I, 1. 5. The other texts give the first person, "I apply myself."

{p.12}

weak be; I have given valour to him who had it not as well as to him who (already) had it.
4 From a subject¹ I have raised thee, I have given thee thy arms² that fear of thee should come of it, and I have adorned myself with my fine linen so that I looked like water-flowers of my (garden),³ I have anointed myself with essences (as largely) as if I spilt water from my store-house.
5 My images live in the middle of men, (because) I have made the afflicted ones unto non-afflicted whose (cries) were heard no more;⁴ the great place of fight, it was seen no more, and yet it had been fought before, (as if the land were) a bull forgetful of yesterday,⁵ and there was stability of fortune neither for the ignorant nor for the learned man.
6 After supper-time it was, when night was come, I took an hour of pleasure, I laid myself down on the carpets of my house, I stretched myself, and I began in my soul to follow sleep; but lo! there had been weapons gathered together to oppose me, and I became as helpless as the snake of the field.⁶
__________
1 Lit. "an eater of rations."
2 Pap. Mill. 1. 7, "I have given him (thee) my arms."
3 Lit. "like my shui," the shui being reeds or water flowers.
4 My Image lives in the hearts of men for I have made those that were afflicted free from their afflictions and their cries are heard no more.
5 Thus after Pap. Mill. 1. 1. 10. I take that phrase to signify that people had fought one against another as if they had forgotten all their old traditions.
6 Thus after Pap. Mill., pt. ii. 1. 1, 2. Probably the amphisbaena or blindworm is here meant.

{p.13}

7 Then I woke up to fight, feeling strong in my limbs,¹ but I soon found that it was to strike at (a foe) who did not stand² If I caught a rebel with weapons in his hand, I made the coward³ turn back and fly:⁴ he was not brave (even) in the night, and no one fought. There never was a time of need (coming) that I did not know of
8 And when my day came, without my knowing it,⁵ I had not listened to the courtiers (who wished) me to abdicate in thy favour, but I sat with thee, and lo! I made designs for thee; (and) lest there should be inconscious fear (spreading amongst them),⁶ I never wore a heart careless of what was for (my) servants.⁷
9 Whether locusts were drawn up to plunder, whether I were assaulted by seditions in the interior of my house, whether (the Nile) waters were (too) low and wells dry⁸ whether (my enemies) took advantage of thy youth for their (wicked) deeds, I never drew back
____________
1 Lit. "I woke up to fight, and I was in (or of) my limbs."
2 The passage is restituted partly from Pap. Mill. ii. 1. 2. and partly from a correction: "Qimna h'uniroh'er pu an-mennew."
3 H'imtu, a coarse epithet to be found in Pianxi's stele A, 16: "An qem n menwiu zes-ew m h'imtu, " "No army stands whose general is a coward."
4 Lit. "I made the coward turn round."
5 Lit. "When my passage came and I not knowing it." "My passage" seems to be an euphemism for my death.
6 Lit. "So that there be no fear, it not knowing itself."
7 The text of that phrase is most corrupt in all the existing MSS.: therefore the translation is not to be accepted without caution.
8 Restored from Pap. Mill. ii. 1. 5.

{p.14}

since the day when I was born : never was the like since the time when the heroes did their deeds.¹
10 I have sent my messengers up to Abu² and my couriers down to Ath'u,³ I stood on the boundaries of the land to keep watch on its borders and I brought to the boundaries men armed with the khopesh, being armed with the khopesh (myself) in (all) my forms.⁴
11 I am a maker of corn, the lover of NEPRA;⁵ he granted me the rising up of the Nile upon the cultivated lands.⁶ There was no hungry (creature) through me, no thirsty (creature) through me, (because) every one took care to act according to my saying, and all my orders increased the love my people had for me.⁷
12 I hunted the lion and brought back the crocodile (a prisoner) I fought the UAUAI⁸ and brought back the MATSUI⁹ (a prisoner); I directed my efforts against the SATI,¹⁰ (so that) he came (to me) like a whelp.
13 I built myself a house adorned with gold; its roof was
______________
1 Lit. "since the time of action" "of the heroes " viz., since the time before Menes.
2 Elephantine.
3 Sic. after Pap. Mill. ii. 1. 6. Abu, is Elephantine, Athu, Natho in the Delta.
4 After Ostr. ii. and Pap. Mill. ii. 1. 5.
5 The corn-god.
6 See negative confession in Ritual cap. cxxv.
7 Lit. "What I ordered all (was) place for friendship."
8 The Nubians.
9 The Maves of Hecataeus Milesius, in Lybia.
10 The Asiatics.

{p.15}

painted blue,¹ the walls in it and the passages are of stones (connected with) metal-hooks; the bolts are of artificial men-metal. Made for eternity, time shrinks before it, (for) I possess all the everlasting virtues of the Lord intact.²
14 There are many devices of passages³ (in it); I (alone) know how to tell how to find my Grace,⁴ so that no one knows it except thee, O man USORTESEN L.H.S.! Thy legs go, and thou thyself with thy own eyes thou seest me⁵ represented⁶ in a fortunate hour, amongst the hammu⁷ who do honour to thee.
15 The things I have made,⁸ I transferred to thee afterwards! (Now) I am the point at which (must) aim whatever is in thy heart, the statue on which to put the pschent and the signs of divinity, the seal of friendship! (for) I have begun for thee prayers in the boat of RA. Behold! what made thee King is what I made be .... Raising up statues,
_____________
1 Lit. "Its roof in xesbet." The xesbet ma, is the lapis lazuli; the xesbet ari, is the blue colour with which the Egyptians painted the roofs of their temples.
2 The text is corrupt here.
3 Secret passage.
4 Lit. "his Grace."
5 Pap. Mill. iii. 1. 5 has "(I) myself, with my own eyes, (I) see (thee)."
6 Mesi.
7 The hammu seem to be a kind of spirits who are often represented adoring the rising sun.
8 Lit. "The things I have made before me." cf. Baku xer h'ata, "The servants before me" for "my servants."

{p.16}

strengthening what them grewest . .......

Here the Papyrus ends.

(Dedicated) to the person of the wise Poet, the excellent above all, the Scribe of treasury, QAGABU, the Scribe of treasury HORA, by the Scribe ENNA-ENNA in the first year, the second month of Pert, the 20th day.

{p.17}

ANNALS OF THOTHMES III, THE STATISTICAL TABLET
TRANSLATED BY S. BIRCH, LL.D.

THE so-called Statistical tablet of Karnak, or Annals of Thothmes III, was inscribed on a sand-stone wall in the court of the granite sanctuary at Karnak, and a part of the inscription here translated is preserved in the Louvre at Paris. The text has been published in Young, Hieroglyphics pt. 41, 42, from a copy by Sir Gardner Wilkinson, and also by Lepsius, Auswahl pt. 12. A translation was given by Birch, Transactions Royal Society of Literature, New Series, Vol. II, p. 100, by then Vicomte de Rouge Revue Archeologique 1860. p. 297, {p.18} and by M. Brugsch Histoire d'Egypte p. 100. A portion of the text is however only translated by M. de Rouge, without the hieroglyphics, from copies given by M. Mariette. This renders it much more complete, while the fragments published by M. Brugsch give a much earlier date, that of the I5th year, if correct, (and there is no apparent reason to doubt its accuracy) falling into the period of the joint reign of Hatasu and Thothmes III. It is however remarkable that there should be only 4 expeditions or campaigns between the I5th and 29th years. Possibly the campaign of the I5th year belonged to another and earlier series.

{p.19}

____________

THE STATISTICAL TABLET

Fragments 1-3 of an inscription on Sandstone being a part of the so-called Statistical Tablet of Thothmes III. Commencement and fragments of lines. The Text is engraved with a partial explanation. Brugsch, Recueil de Monuments Egyptiens, I. pt. 26.

FRAGMENT 1

1 The statues of the god which are in the Temples ...
2 chambers having grand vases of ....
3 to adore the beauty of his person at his rising, naming
4 of electrum,¹ and black metal placed at the base of the throne ....
5 His Majesty augmented it again to his father HORUS
6 with the constructions of the hands of the Southern wall,² never after will be done the like ....
7 like the stars in the bosom of Heaven, the royal statue was in (or of)
8 Then his Divine Majesty gave him numerous memorials
9 anew. The 15th year the 27th of Pashons went forth the expedition ....
___________
1 Or gold.
2 Ptah or Vulcan.

{p.20}

10 Two Chiefs of the RUTENNU, children
11 acres 1800 for the land of the divine supplies of oxen, geese bread
12 A sacrifice of bulls and calves ...
13 which father AMEN-RA had ordered ...
14 The exhibition was in the ....

FRAGMENT 2

1 made His Majesty to the god of the gates of THEBES
2 the name on it, in electrum, gold, and black metal,
3 The first gate of RA-MEN-KHEPER, AMEN-SERFAU:¹ the second gate of RA-MEN-KHEPER, KHENT-KHER-AMEN: the third gate of RA-MEN-KHEPER, AMEN-UR-BAU inlaid with real electrum he made Truth to go in it

FRAGMENT 3

1 a grand harp made of silver, gold, lapis glass, turquoise and all precious stones.

HORIZONTAL LINE

1 The living god, who has appeared in the Thebaid the King of Upper and Lower Egypt, the absolute Lord, RA-MEN-KHEPER Son of the Sun, of his loins, THOTHMES (III) the most perfect of beings ....
2 His Majesty has ordered to be inscribed the victories which his father AMEN-RA gave him on the stone wall in the Temple made by His Majesty as also the spoil taken by His Majesty.
___________
1 These are the names of the Gates.

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1 The 29th year His Majesty marched to the land of Tunaputa to chastise the revolted countries in his 5th expedition. The King took the place of Ua .... the army congratulated the King and gave thanks
2 to AMEN-RA for the victories which he had given his son, which the King valued more than anything else. After that His Majesty passed to the place of offerings he offered a sacrifice to AMEN-RA in the Horizons, of oxen, calves, waterfowls in the name of RA-MEN-KHEPER the ever living. Enumeration of the spoil taken from that land
3 of the race of the fallen of TUNEP, the Prince of that town, warriors 329, silver 100 pounds (Ten)¹ gold 100 pounds, lapis lazuli, turquoise, vases of bronze, of metal ... They were placed in the boats .... laden with all sorts of things, male and female slaves, iron, lead, and asmar² ......
4 of all sorts of good things. Then His Majesty sailed back to Egypt delighted in heart. He despoiled the land of Aruta³ of all its grain and cut down all its parts .... Then His Majesty found the land of of the Tahai throughout: their magazines were full of their corn. Were found
5 their wines abundant in their wine presses like waves, their corn was in heaps of abundant grain, for provisions. The army was satiated with all sorts of things. The enumeration of the spoil brought away by His Majesty in that expedition was male and female slaves 51, cattle 32, silver cups 12, 6 of incense, balsam, honey, amphoras⁴ 170: of wine,
_____________
1 The Ten, weighed about 1400 grs. troy.
2 Emery.
3 Aradus.
4 A vase called men, or amphora in which wine was brought.

{p.22}

amphoras 6,428, iron, lead, lapis lazuli, and felspar, oxen 618, goats 3,636, bread and cakes various, corn, barley, flour. Then the soldiers of His Majesty measured every day their rations
7 as in the festivals of Egypt. The 30th year then His Majesty went forth to the Rutennu¹ in his 6th expedition, he approached the town of Katesh His Majesty pillaged it, and spoiled the magazines and took away all the grain. He went to the land of tu, he reached the towns of Simyra and Arattu² and treated them in the same manner. The amount of the tributes
8 brought to the Spirits of His Majesty in that year by the Princes of the Rutennu, the sons of the Princes and their brothers were brought to be placed in the power (of the King and led) to Egypt. If any of the Chiefs died, His Majesty made (another) come to be in his place. The number of the sons of Princes led that year was male and female slaves 181, mares 188, chariots
9 ornamented with gold, silver and painted 40. The year 31, the 3rd of the month Pashons were assembled
the spoil made by His Majesty in that year and spoils of the place Hansatu on the banks of the lake Nesrana, men taken alive 490 .... of the sons of the wretched Chief of ..... 3, Chief of the eunuchs belonging to him. Total 490 persons, mares 20, chariots 13
10 provided with all their accessories. As His Majesty had taken that town in an instant all was seized and carried off. The tribute of the Princes of the Rutennu, who came to prostrate themselves before the Spirits of His Majesty in that year male and female slaves ....
______________
1 Syria.
2 Aradus; this variation exists in the original.

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of that country 72, silver 761 pounds 2 ounces¹ 19 chariots ornamented with silver, 11 and provided with all their accessories. Fat bulls² 104, young bulls 172, total 276. Goats 4,622, iron ore, bricks 40, lead ... gold, armour ornamented with studs 42, also all their products, 12 and all the good plants of that country. Every station to which His Majesty approached was supplied with different kinds of bread, and food, with palm wine, incense, wine, honey, figs their number of all sorts of things was known to the soldiers of His Majesty, nothing was forgotten.
13 They are placed on the roll of the royal palace, their enumeration is not given on this tablet in order to avoid a multiplication of words. Their property is given at the place where they make The contribution of the Rutennu was appointed of a great quantity of grain,
14 corn, barley, incense, fresh dates, wine, fruit, all the agreeable things of the country. They were all returned to the treasury as enumerated. The product of the 33, kasam, all the gems of that country also a great number of stones (incense)
15 for burning, and all the good productions of that land.. His Majesty approached Ta-mera (or Northern Egypt) the envoys of the KANEBTI² came having their tribute of gums, and male negroes for servants 10, bulls .... 16 young 113, bulls 230, total 343 besides boats laden
_______________
1 The Kat, ounce or drachm weighed about 140 gr. troy.
2 Perhaps Tep, is the buffalo.
3 Perhaps Kanopus the word seems to mean "curly haired."

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with ivory, ebony and panther skins and all the products of (that country) The tribute of Uaua was ... of the Uaua 5, steers 31, bulls 61. Total 92.
17 besides the boats laden with all the tribute of that country the tribute of the Uaua .... also. In the year 33 when His Majesty was in the land of the Ruten (His Majesty) approached of that river, he placed another where was the tablet of his father
18 the King of Upper and Lower Egypt RA-MEN-KHEPER-KA (THOTHMES I). His Majesty sailed to take the towns, and plough the country of the enemy of the vile Naharaina in he pursued them for the distance of an atur without any one daring to look
19 him in the face .... except when bounding along like a herd of goats. Then the horses were by the whole army, the Princes
20 their women 30, men taken prisoners 80, male and female slaves and their children 606, those who surrendered, their women he carried off their grain. His Majesty then came to the city of
21 Ninii¹ on his return. Then His Majesty set up his tablet in Naharaina² to enlarge the frontiers of Kami.³ The tribute brought by the Princes of that country was
22 male and female slaves 513, mares 260, gold, pounds 45 ounces 19, silver and gold vases of the workmanship of the Tahai .... chariots with all their equipments, bulls and
23 buffalo⁴ calves 28, bulls 564, goats 5323, incense, amphoras 828, balsam all the delicious products of that country and all its very numerous fruits. Behold
________________
1 Nineveh.
2 Mesopotamia.
3 Egypt.
4 Tep, "fat" or "buffalo."

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24 every part was provisioned with all sorts of things according to the rate of the yearly tax. The tribute of
the land of Remenen¹ was also according to the rate of the yearly tax, and the Princes of the land of Remenen¹ unknown birds 2, geese 4
25 of that country. Behold it was (supplying) daily. The tribute of the prince of Senkara was real lapis lazuli pounds 4, artificial lapis lazuli² pounds 24, lazuli lazuli of Babalu³ of real lapis lazuli, a head of a ram of real lapis lazuli
26 weighing ounces 15, and vases. The tribute of those of the great land of the (Khita)⁴ in that year was silver rings 8 weighing pounds 301, white precious stone 1 great block, birch wood chariots .... (when the King was returning) towards Egypt after having made a campaign
27 in Naharaina to enlarge the frontiers of Egypt. The treasures brought by His Majesty in that year from the land of Punt⁵ were gums 1685 haks (bushels), gold .... pounds 154, ounces 2, male and female slaves 134, bulls
28 calves 114, bulls 305 total 419, besides transports laden with ivory, ebony, panther skins and all the good things of that land. Such was the tribute of Kush. The tribute of the Uauat in that year consisted of male and female slaves .... 8, male negroes 12, total 20; bull calves 43,
29 bulls 60, total 103 besides boats loaded with all the good products of that country. Such was the tribute of that place. The year 34 behold His Majesty marched to the land of the Tahai in his l0th campaign behold the whole of that land surrendered .... The list
_________________
1 Armenia.
2 Blue glass, or composition.
3 Babylon.
4 It may be the Rutennu; the name is wanting.
5 Arabia.

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30 of the places taken in that year, fortresses 2, a fortress surrendered in the territory of the Anaukasa, total 3, captives brought by His Majesty .... taken prisoners 90, surrendered with their wives
31 and their children mares 40, chariots ornamented with gold and silver, gold vases and gold in rings 50 pounds 8 ounces, silver vases of that country and rings 153 pounds, bronze .... bull calves 326, white goats 80, kids 50, asses 70, a great quantity of birch wood¹
32 a tree of that wood, acacia² wood chairs with their... 6 poles for a tent ornamented with bronze and inlaid with precious stones and all the good wood of that land. The tribute of the Princes of the land of Rutennu in that year was horses ... chariots ornamented in gold silver and colours 34, male and female slaves 704, gold 55 pounds 8 ounces, silver vases various
33 of the work of that country weighing ... pounds , men stone, all sorts of gems, vases, copper in ore,³ bricks 80, lead, bricks u, colours, pounds 100, white incense, felspar, alabaster .... bull calves 13, bulls 530, asses 84, bronze, a quantity of wood and many copper vases, perfumes amphoras 695
34 sweet balsam, and green balsam amphoras 2,080, wine amphoras 608, birch wood chariots, and acacia wood buckets,⁴ and all the good wood of that country. Each of the stations of His Majesty was provided with all sorts of good things for His Majesty to receive of the land of the Tahai, with cedar wood boats of that (country), boats also laden with logs of their woods
_________________
1 Called taka, perhaps " yew," taxus. This came from the Rutennu.
2 Or "cedar."
3 Or "of his land."
4 The Coptic knikigi. This may be a kind of wood.

{p.27}

35 great beams for the .... of His Majesty .... The Chiefs of the land of Asi brought in that year bricks of copper 108, sef¹ pounds 280, bricks of lead 6, plates of lead 1200, lapis lazuli pounds no, tusks .... wood, chairs 2, the product of the wretched Kush, calves no, gold pounds 300, slaves, negroes and negresses, and the daughter of a Chief to place in the harem,
36 total 64, cattle ... bulls, calves no, total 275, besides boats laden with ivory and ebony and all the product of that land the quota of Kush was thus. The tribute of the Uauat was gold pounds 254, male and female slaves captured 10, bull calves ... in all, besides boats laden with
37 all the good things of that country, the quota of Uauat was thus. In the 35th year His Majesty was in the land of Tahai in his l0th campaign His Majesty approached the city of Aruana, for behold the miserable Chief of Naharaina had assembled his cavalry and men
38 from the ends of the land in their great numbers. They advanced to fight with His Majesty. His Majesty ... with them. The soldiers of His Majesty made a hasty time, waiting to take the spoil. His Majesty prevailed over enemies by the Spirits
39 of Naharaina.² They were repulsed and cut in pieces falling one upon another before His Majesty. The number of things taken by the King himself from the vile country of Naharaina²
40 Straps of armour 2, brass .... pounds. The number of things taken by the soldiers of His Majesty from these vile lands, prisoners 10, mares 180, chariots 60 ....
_________
1 Hardly "oil:" perhaps "bitumen" or "pitch."
2 Mesopotamia.

{p.28}

41 reins ... 15, brass armour ... iron .... for the head 5, bows of the Kharu 5, the captures made by 42,226, chariot inlaid with gold 1, inlaid with gold and silver 30 43 gums amphoras or, 44 the tribute of the ....

{p.29}

ANNALS OF THOTHMES III, TABLET OF THOTHMES III
XVIIIth DYNASTY
TRANSLATED BY S. BIRCH, LL.D.

THIS Tablet was found at Thebes in the Karnak quarter, and it has been published in the Archaologia vol. xxxviii, p. 373 and following, and translated by the late Vicomte de Rouge, Revue Archeologique, 1861, p. 196 and foil. It consists of a picture representing two scenes; in the first of which Thothmes III accompanied by Sem, the goddess of the West, offers wine and incense to the god Amen-Ra. The goddess Sem or "the West," or perhaps Khaft, holds a bow and arrows, a war axe and the emblem of life. The text of the inscription is in hieroglyphs. In the second picture Thothmes III is also represented as {p.30} offering incense. In its literary style these annals are so strongly poetic that the text may be considered to be a kind of hymn or song^l recounting the victories of the great monarch Thothmes III and the allusions to his principal conquests and exploits are in an antithetical strain. Although it does not add any names of conquered places not otherwise found it helps us to complete the monumental history of the monarch. The Tablet was clearly executed towards the latter part of the reign of Thothmes III after the successful issues of his principal campaigns and about the time of his magnificent donations to the sanctuary of the god Amen-Ra at Karnak. The merits of the king and his successes are attributed to the Theban god, who says that he conferred the power to effect these conquests upon his son Thothmes III, in the usual style of the speeches often ascribed to the deities on the walls of the temples.
___________
1 A poetical translation of this monument is also given in the English edition of Lenormant's Ancient History of the East, Vol. I. p. 234.

___________

TABLET OF THOTHMES III

The first Scene to the right has the names and title of the god AMEN-RA, and King THOTHMES III with the inscription:

"AMEN-RA King of the gods Lord of the heaven gives all life like the Sun.
"The Good god, Lord of the Upper and Lower world, Lord of diadems, Giver of life RA-MEN-KHEPER THOTHMES makes an offering of liquid
"KHAFT Lady of the country "¹

The second Scene to the left has the inscription:
"AMEN-RA King of the gods Lord of the heaven gives all life and joy
"The living Good god, Lord of the Upper and Lower world, and Lord of diadems, RA-MEN-KHEPER, THOTHMES, Giver of life, gives incense to AMEN-RA
"KHAFT Lady of the country."

1 The speech of AMEN-RA, Lord of the seats of the Upper and Lower world "Come to me, rejoice in seeing my perfections, my son, my supporter, RA-MEN-KHEPER, ever living I shine as thou wishest; my heart
2 dilates at thy happy coming to my temple, my hands touch thy limbs behind with delicious life, thou prevailest more than my form; I am set up
3 in my hall, I enrich thee and I give thee power and victory over all foreign lands. I have given thy spirits
and the terrors of thee in all countries, the fear of thee every where to
4 the poles of heaven; I have augmented the terrors of
_________
1 Or Heaven.

{p.32}

thee in all bellies; I have made the roarings of Thy Majesty turn back the Nine bow barbarians.¹ The Chiefs of all countries are clasped together in thy fist.
5 I extend my own hands, I tie for thee, I make a bundle of the Annu² by tens of thousands and thousands, the people of the North by hundreds of thousands as captives.
6 I have thrown down thy enemies under thy sandals, thou hast laid prostrate crowds of the obstinate. Also I have ordered for thee the earth throughout its length and breadth, the West and the East for thy seat;
7 thou penetratest all lands the heart joyful, none is resisting itself to the orders of Thy Majesty. I ordered thee in thy passage; thou approachest them, thou hast navigated the waters of the great Sea and
8 Naharaina³ with power and victory. I ordered thee that they should hear thy roarings in their caverns I deprived their nostrils of the breath of life.
9 I made the victories of Thy Majesty turn back their hearts, my diadem was on thy brow, it dazed them, making them depart, taking by the hair the Katesh⁴ foreigners.
10 It burnt all those in their settlements with flame decapitating the heads of the Amu⁵ foreigners, their children fell to its power.
11 I made thy power encircle all lands my headdress has given light to thy subjects. There is not any rebel to thee in the circle of heaven, they come bearing their tribute on their backs
12 beseeching Thy Majesty as I ordered. I made the enemies bend before thee, their hearts withered, their limbs trembled.
__________
1 A common phrase for the Eastern foreigners.
2 Or Petti, the Libyans.
3 Mesopotamia.
4 Kadytis.
5 An Asiatic people.

{p.33}

13 ¹I have come I have given thee to smite the Chiefs of the land of Taha,² I have placed them under thy sandals; turning back their countries I have let them see Thy Majesty, as a Lord of Sunbeams thou shinest in their faces like my image.
14 I have come, I have given thee to strike those who belong to the land of Sat,³ thou hast taken captive the heads of the Amu of Rutennu⁴ they see Thy Majesty equipped with thy decorations, thou takest arms combatting in a war chariot
15 I have come, I have given thee to smite the East thou hast marched in the borders of the land of Taneter⁵ they see Thy Majesty like the star Sesht⁶ which gives warmth by its fire and gives forth its dew.
16 I have come, I have given thee to smite the lands of the West, Kefa,⁷ Asi⁸ are under the terror of thee, I let them see Thy Majesty like a young bull bold in heart with pointed horns which nothing can resist.
17 I have come, I have given thee to smite those who are in the seats of the land of Maten,⁹ they tremble through fear of thee, I let them see Thy Majesty like the devouring crocodile Lord of Terrors in the waters who is inapproachable.
18 I have come, I have given thee to smite those who belong to the Isles in the midst of the great sea with thy roarings, I let them see Thy Majesty as a slaughterer who rises on the back of his victim.
19 I have come, I have given thee to smite the Tahennu,¹⁰ the isles of the Tena¹¹ are prevailed over by thy spirits,
_____________
1 Here commences the passage poetized by Lenormant.
2 Gaza.
3 The Eastern foreigners or Arabians.
4 Syria.
5 The Holy Land.
6 A comet.
7 Phoenicia.
8 Asia, Assos.
9 Asia Minor.
I0 Libyans.
11 Or Uten, Danai or Dauni.

{p.34}

I let them see Thy Majesty like a raging lion laying on the bodies and mastering their hills.
20 I have come, I have given thee to smite the extremities of the waters, the circuit of the great sea is grasped in thy fist, I let them see Thy Majesty as a swooping hawk which takes at his glance what he chooses.
21 I have come, I have given thee to smite those who are in (the) estuaries and bind those who are in the sands (of the desert)¹ as living captives, I let them see Thy Majesty as a Southern jackal Lord of conducting and exploring, Hunter of the upper and lower country.
22 I have come I have given thee to smite the Anu of Kens,² and Remenen³ is in thy grasp, I let them see Thy Majesty like thy two brothers. I have laid their hands on thee to give thee power.
23 Thy two sisters, I have placed them behind thy head the arms of my Majesty are over (thy) face to repulse evil. I grant protectors to thee oh my beloved son, Powerful Bull⁴ crowned in the Thebaid I have begotten thee in (says the Lord of the upper and lower world)
24 THOTHMES ever living, I have performed all the desires of my existence I have set thee up a hall of eternal construction longer and larger then ever was, a great gateway
25 AMEN-RA greater than the monuments of all the Kings who were, I ordered thee to make it, I am pleased with it, I am placed upon the throne of HORUS for millions of years, thy living image for ever and ever.
__________
1 Herusha.
2 Nubia.
3 Armenia.
4 An Egyptian phrase applied to the king in his divine character.

{p.35}

ANNALS OF THOTHMES III, ACCOUNT OF THE BATTLE OF MEGIDDO
TRANSLATED BY S. BIRCH, LL.D.

THE text of this inscription which is given in Lepsius Denkmäler records in detail the great battle of Megiddo between Thothmes III and one of the confederations of the small kings and princes of Palestine. This campaign commenced in the 22nd year of his reign and the defeat there suffered by the allies appears to have assured to Egypt the submission of the neighbouring countries and the extension of the power of Egypt to Nineveh, and possibly to India itself. The record of this campaign was placed on a wall near the cella subsequently erected by Philip II or Arridaeus at Karnak, and it is one of the most important hieroglyphic historical texts known. Unfortunately it is much mutilated but not so greatly {p.36} that the reader cannot follow the general sense and meaning and supply the defective portions. It has been translated in the places already cited the Archæologia and Brugsch, Histoire l'Egypte, p. 95. There is only one copy of the text, that of Lepsius, but it is well given, and doubts only exist as to the proper restoration of its lacunae. The general order of these fragments is as follows: I. Lepsius, Denkmäler iii. 31 b. II. Lepsius, Denkmäler iii. 31 b. III. Lepsius, Denkmäler iii. 32. IV. Lepsius, Auswahl, Taf. xii. V. Lepsius, Auswahl, Taf. xii. Denkmäler iii. 31 a. VI. Lepsius, Denkmäler iii. 30 a. VII. Lepsius, Denkmäler iii. 30 b.

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FRAGMENT

Lepsius, Denkmäler, Abth. iii. Bl. 31 b.

1 THE speech. Has been consecrated
2 from the contribution of each (year).
3 dwelling (in Thebes)
4 .......
5 .......
6 .......
7 .......
8 bearing tribute
9 the awe of His Majesty in (their hearts)
10 to remain in the mouths of the living
11 of all countries, repulser of

_______________

1 the HORUS, the living Sun, the powerful Bull, crowned in Uas, the Lord of diadems (whose kingdom has increased like the sun in heaven.
2 King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Lord of the earth, RA-MEN-KHEPER), the son of the Sun (THOTHMES may he live for ever!)
3 His Majesty ordered to be placed (on the wall the extent of his power)
4 a tablet at this temple which His Majesty made for
5 ... the expedition in its name, together with the tribute and captives brought to it
6 all (which) he gave to his father the Sun. On the

{p.38}

.... day of the month Pharmuthi, of the 22nd year of his reign (His Majesty) proceeded from the city)
7 of Gailu¹ in his first campaign to extend the
8 frontiers of Egypt through the victory (which his father AMEN-RA had promised him),
9 when it was the time appointed for (meeting) .....
10 hastened each (to take ... to)
11 then .... the warriors and the men ... who were
12 in the fortress of the land of Sharuana,² commencing from luruta.³
13 continuing to the seats of the country were coming to rebel against His Majesty. On the 4th of Pashons, of the 23rd year the day of the festival of the royal crowns, at the
14 fortress made by the ruler of Katatu
15 On the 5th of Pashons entering the place in triumph (with power)
16 defence, and justification to overthrow the vile enemy, to extend
17 the confines of Egypt as his father, AMEN-RA, (had predicted to him.)
18 Taking his way on the 16th of Pashons of the 23rd year to the fortress of Juhem, proceeded (His Majesty)
19 discoursing with his brave troops to tell the vile (enemies)
20 of KATESHU⁴ to come and enter Maketa;⁵ it was (done)
21 at the moment. He reviewed for him the Chiefs of the countries (who were)
____________
1 Pelusium or Tsur.
2 Sharon.
3 Jericho.
4 Khodesh or Kadytis.
5 Megiddo.

{p.39}

22 of the race of Egypt, with the Princes of Naharaina¹ (of the Khita),
23 the Kharui, the Katu,² their horses and their army ...
24 Inasmuch as he has said, that I stand at (the fortress which is)
25 in Maketa I have told you
26 They say in reply to His Majesty, what is it like going on this road
27 which leads along so narrow. It has been
28 say the enemy are there standing on
29 moreover many, where a horse does not go behind
30 men also. We are
31 longing, to fight. The enemy were standing at the main roads
32 of Aaaruna;³ they will not fight. Now (as to the course) of the main roads
33 one of the roads, it leads .... us
34 of the land Aanaka,⁴ the other leads to
35 the north road of Gevta.⁵ Let us proceed to the north (of) Maketa,⁶
36 How will our mighty Lord march on (the way in triumph there). Let His Majesty make
37 us go on that secret road. Were
38 the guides to overthrow (the vile enemy.)
39 spoken as before the words of His Majesty were to them
40 I am the beloved of the Sun, praised by my father AMEN, renewed by the Sun
41 with life. I will go on this road of Aa-
42 runa, if there is any going on it. Be ye on
43 the roads ye mention, if ye can go on them.
_____________
1 Mesopotamia.
2 Syria.
3 Ajalon.
4 Anakim or Anakites.
5 Gaza or Gath.
6 Megiddo.

{p.40}

44 Ye can follow me. Call they
45 abominable opposers of the Sun. Because His Majesty proceeds in
46 another direction he fears us. They call out,
47 saying to His Majesty, "Thy father AMEN-RA, Lord of the foundations of the earth, who dwells in Thebes, has made thee;
48 let us follow thee, wherever Thy Majesty goes.
49 let us serve behind (thee) (His Majesty went)
50 in face of the entire army to
51 AMEN gave its roads leading to
52 alive to say. I do not"
53 before His Majesty in
54 coming forth himself before his troops, giving (marching)
55 on foot, there being a horse walking behind (him). (His Majesty was)
56 at the head of his army. On the 18th Pashons of the 23rd year of his reign, it was watched
57 at the King's pavilion at the fortress of Aaaruna.¹ His Majesty proceeded
58 along by boat. His Majesty said I have come bearing the commands of my father AMEN-RA, Lord of the thrones of the earth
59 before me, oh Sun of the two worlds HARMACHTS (terrifying) gave
60 ... his father AMEN Lord of the thrones of the world power and force
61 over me proceeding. Said .... (I have come ....) along
62 with much devastation
63 the southern tip from A(anaka)
__________
1 Ajalon.

{p.41}

64 the northern tip from the southern angle
65 His Majesty in its power in
66 they will overthrow the enemy
67 .....

FRAGMENT

Lepsius, Denkmäler, Abth. in., Bl. 32.

1 AARUNA,¹ the powerful troops of His Majesty followed to (the valley of)
2 Aaruna,¹ the van coming forth to the valley (of Aaruna).
3 They filled the gap of that valley, and were saying to His Majesty
4 would His Majesty proceed with his valiant archers who fill (the gap of the valley)
5 let us listen to our powerful Lord in the
6 let us guard our Lord: his troops and men followed.
7 (after them). The army advanced after, calling to fight
8 at the valley of the enemy call we not, we attend ...
9 our troops firm. His Majesty was beyond them (going)
10 in front guarding the advance of his valiant troops, when the capt-
11 ains advanced coming forth on that road; it was the time of
12 noon when His Majesty reached the south of Maketa on the shore of the waters of Kaina,² it being the seventh hour from noon. His Majesty pitched (his tent) to make a speech before his whole army, saying, "Hasten ye, put on your helmets, for I shall fly to fight with the vile enemy on the morning." Therefore was
13 a rest at the doors of the King's tent, made by the baggage of the Chiefs, things of the followers and sup-
__________
1 Ajalon.
2 Keneh.

{p.43}

plies. Was passed the watch (word) of the army, who say, "Firm, firm, watch, watch, watch actively at the King's pavilion." The land of Meru, and those born of the South and North have come to address His Majesty. Moreover on the 22nd day of the month Mesori, the day of the festival of the new moon and laying the royal crown, on the morning then in presence of the entire army was passed (the watchword)
14 His Majesty proceeding in his chariot of gold, distinguished by the decorations of work, like the terrible HORUS, the Lord who makes things, like MENTU Lord of Uas, like his father AMEN-RA through the might of his arms. The south horn of the army of His Majesty was at the shore (of the lake) of Kaina,¹ the northern horn (extending) to the North-west of Maketa,² His Majesty being in the midst of them, the god AMEN being the protection in his active limbs, he (wounding them with)
15 his arms. His Majesty prevailed over them before his army. They saw His Majesty prevailing over them, they fell prostrate on the (plains) of Maketa² on their faces through terror; they left their horses, their chariots of gold and silver which drew them, and were drawn in their clothes to that fortress. The men shut up in that fortress took off
16 their clothes to haul them up to that fortress. Then the troops of His Majesty took no heed of capturing the things of the fallen. The (army reached) Maketa² at the moment when the vile enemy of Kateshu and the vile enemy of the fortress were striving to let them enter the fortress. His Majesty frightened (them)
17 their arms, he prevailed by his diadem over them. Their horses and their chariots of gold and of
____________
1 Keneh.
2 Megiddo.

{p.44}

silver were captured, were brought (to His Majesty) their (dead) lay in ranks¹ like fishes on the ground. The great army of His Majesty turned away from counting the things captured. Then the camp was captured in which was (his) son
18 of his whole army in joy giving thanks. (His Majesty ordered) should be given to his son (the troops) of His Majesty, praising his power. They were bringing the spoil they took of hands, living captives, horses chariots of silver, and gold of
19 the words of his troops in saying make ye ready ... power give ye the Sun upon that day, inasmuch as every Chief of the countries and places came rebellious into it, inasmuch as the fullness of a thousand fortresses, is the fullness of Maketa, the fullness worked by the Sun (in heaven)
20 the Chief of his troops to return all ... his place ... they measure the fortress in (or of) ditches .... laden with the green wood of their beautiful woods. His Majesty delighting himself with the eastern citadel of the fortress to watch
21 with the wall of the tower his tower which he made in the name of RA-MEN-KHEPER-UAH-SAT (Holder of the plains of the Sati,²) giving persons to watch at His Majesty's doors, saying to them, Steady, steady, watch, watch. His Majesty
22 them outside which was behind this wall, guiding them to come forth to attack the gate of their citadel. For His Majesty strengthened this fortress against the vile enemy, and his vile troops placed on the day, in his name, in the name of the port of mat ....
23 their placed on a roll of leather in the temple of AMEN, on that day. Then the Chiefs of that land came,
____________
1 Or "quivering."
2 East.

{p.45}

(bringing the usual tribute), adoring the spirits of His Majesty, asking breath for their nostrils of the greatness of his power and the importance of his spirits
24 came to his spirits, having their tribute of silver, gold, lapis lazuli, turquoise¹ and alabaster, vessels of wine, flocks to the army of His Majesty, making the prisoners bear the tribute in the galley, when His Majesty faced the Chiefs as aforesaid of
25 living captives 240, hands 83, mares 2041, fillies 191, cattle 6,² plants ... chariots plated with gold, an ark of gold of the enemy, an excellent chariot plated with gold of the Chief of
26 892 chariots of his vile army, total 9,241 excellent suit of brazen armour of the enemy, a brass suit of armour of the Chief of Maketa, 200 suits of armour of his vile army, 502 bows, his delight, 7 poles of the pavilion of the enemy plated with silver. Then the army took
27 296, bulls 1,949, great she goats 2,000, white goats 20,500. The total amount of things led behind by His Majesty from the things of the place of the enemy (who was in the land of the Ruten), from the fortress of Nunaa, from the fortress of Anaukasa, from Hurankar, with the things which belonged to the fortresses placed in the waters brought by
28 38 of their family, 87 sons of Chiefs of the enemy and of the leaders with him 5, others, slaves, male and female, including children, 1796, prisoners who surrendered starved out of the enemy 103; total 2503; besides gems, gold dishes, and various vases
29 a great cup the work of the Kharu,³ dishes various vases, for drinking, having great stands,
_________
1 Or "glass " or blue porcelain.
2 Aber, "bulls" or "stallions."
3 Syria.

{p.46}

97 swords weighing 1,784 pounds, gold in rings fashioned by the hand of the workman, and silver in rings 966 pounds, 1 ounce, a silver statue made
30 the head of gold, seats of men of ivory, ebony and cedar, inlaid with gold, chairs of the enemies 6, footstools belonging to them 6, 6 large tables of ivory and cedar inlaid with gold and all precious stones, a stick in shape of a sceptre¹ of that Chief, inlaid with gold throughout² ... statues
31 of the fallen Chief, of ebony inlaid with gold, of which the heads are of gold that vessels of brass, an infinite quantity of the clothes of the enemy. When the fields of the district were taken to calculate their produce to the King's house, to lay down their quota, the total of the quantity brought to His Majesty from the plains of Maketa was .... 280,200 bushels of corn,
32 besides what was cut and taken away. His Majesty's army came the tribute of the Ruten on the 40th year, brought by the Chief of As-suru,³ 1 great stone of lapis lazuli, weighing 20 pounds 9 ounces, 2 stones of true lapis lazuli, total 3; 30 pounds of total 50 pounds 9 ounces, good lapis lazuli of Babel, 3 heads⁴ vases of Assuru of stone
33 very many, the tribute of Chiefs of the Rutennu,⁵ the daughter of a Chief, ornaments silver, gold, lazuli lapis of the country ... persons ... 30, the slaves male and female of its tribute 65, gold chariots 100, boxes of gold 4, a chariot of (silver inlaid) with pure gold⁶ with boxes of studs 5, total 10; buffalo steers 45, bulls 500, (total) 1,200
_____________
1 Karukaru, or "cylinder."
2 "Besides great sword handles."
3 Assyria.
4 Or "covers" or "handles."
5 Syria.
6 Gam, or wersw "electrum," or according to some "copper."

{p.47}

34 which could not be weighed, silver dishes and beaten out plates 104 pounds, 5 ounces, a gold makargina¹ inlaid at the border with lapis lazuli, a brass armour bordered with gold .... a brass ... silver ... numerous suits of armour,
35 823 amphoras of incense, 1718 amphoras of wine, and honey numerous, cut and set studs, ivory, and cedar, sycamore a vast quantity of firewood all the best of that country
36 by all the places which His Majesty went round given in his camp. In the 42nd year the amount of the tribute brought by the spirits of His Majesty from the land of the Ruten, the tribute of Assuru was (horses)
37 bracelets of the leather of a masha, bolts of a chariot with the heads of wood 170 shekels (or rings)
38 ..... 343, 50 cedars, 190 mulberry trees, 205 vines, fig trees 340, 20.
39 willows 3000 various vases.
__________
1 Or kamarigina a "breast plate," or "covering" of some kind of a person.

{p.48}

FRAGMENT

Lepsius, Denkmäler, Abth. iii. Bl. 31 A. Auswahl, xii. 1. 42-54.

1 .... gold ....
2 shekels (rings), tata, abha stone¹ stibium, gums ... cattle of the country, wood for burning, the work of the vile Kush, 80 pounds 1 ounce of gold ... 10 male and female slaves, cattle steers (beside boats laden with)
3 ivory and ebony, and all the products of that land the quota (of the Kush in that year was) ... 34 negro slaves, male and female, 94 bulls and steers besides boats laden with all good things. The quota of the Uauat was ..... (Then His Majesty was)
4 in his 13th expedition, His Majesty destroyed (in the) confines of Anaukasa. The amount of the captives brought by the army from the confines of the Anaukasa was 50 living captives, horses ... chariots ... in
5 utensils, men surrendered of the territory of Anaukasa .... the tribute brought to His Majesty's spirits in that year was 327 horses (mares) 522 slaves male and female, 9 chariots inlaid with gold and silver, painted 61, total 70, a collar (of lapis lazuli) .... a goblet, dishes,
6 heads of goats, and head of a lion, vases the work of the Gahai² .... 2,821 pounds 3 ounces, with 276 of bricks of the iron in its land³ 47 bricks of steel, 656 jars of incense, 3 jars of sweet and green dates, 1752 amphoras of oil, 156 jars of wine, 12 bulls, .... 46 asses, 1 deer.
___________
1 Or "glass," aba-geene, copt.
2 Or Tsaha, a port of Phoenicia.
3 Or "metal ore."

{p.49}

7 5 tusks of ivory, a table of ivory and cedar, white manna 68 pounds .... 21 (suits of armour) spears, shields and bows .... all kinds of weapons and fragrant wood of that country, all the best products of that country. Then came every city supplying all good things according to the rate of their yearly produce in .... a galley the work of the Remenu¹
8 likewise the quota of the Gahai in corn, green dates, and incense .... the tribute brought by the Chief of the Asi out of his land ... was the iron of his country² ... (bricks), 3 horses. The tribute of the Chief of Arurekh³ in that year was male and female slaves, 2 bricks of the iron⁴ of his country, 35 logs of cedar wood, with all the fragrant wood of his country. (There was) brought to the spirits of His Majesty from the land of Punt⁵
9 gums 240 sa measures, the work of the vile KUSH gold 100 pounds .... 6 .... 36 negro slaves male and female in steers, 185 bulls, total 306, besides boats laden with ivory and ebony and all the good products of that land with the quota of that land the work of the Uauat 2844, male and female slaves
10 Negroes 16, steers 77, besides (boats) laden with all the good products of that land. In the 39th year His Majesty was in the land of the Rutennu⁶ in his 14th campaign after he went the fallen of the Shasu.⁷ The amount (of tribute brought by) .... (was) 197 male and female slaves
11 229 mares, gold dishes with handles 12 pounds ... ounces, real (lapis lazuli) 30 pounds, silver dishes, a goblet a vase in shape of the head of a bull, 325 various vases with silver in rings making 1497 pounds 1 ounce, a chariot .... making
_____________
1 Armenia.
2 Or "in its ore."
3 Erech.
4 Or "metal in its ore."
5 Arabia.
6 Northern Syria and Mesopotamia.
7 Arabs.

{p.50}

12 white precious stone, white manna,¹ natron, and all the various precious stones of (that) land ... incense, sweet dates, fresh dates, oil, honey (amphoras) 364, 1405 jars of wine, 84 bulls 1283 little goats (kids) brass ....
13 ... of that land with all the products of that land. Then came every city, supplying all good things according to their rate of the yearly contribution navigating .... Horizon like the amount of (the tribute
14 of the land of Gahai (was) corn, incense dates, wine ...
______________
1 Or "white cornelian," or "alabaster."

FRAGMENT

Lepsius, Denkmäler, Abth., iii. Bl. 30 A.

1 of the Asi, 2 tusks of ivory, 40 bricks of iron, 1 brick of lead, the tribute
2 (of Kush) that year, 144 pounds, 3 ounces of gold, 101 negro slaves, male and female bulls.
3 35 steers, 54 bulls, total 89, besides boats laden with
4 2 pounds, the amount of tribute of the Chiefs of the Rutennu¹ brought by His Majesty's spirits (in that year).
5 40 bricks, falchion of steel, brass spears.
6 18 tusks of ivory, 241 mares, 184 bulls goats.
7 incense; also the tribute of the Chief of the great Khita in that year was gold.
8 96 pounds, 2 ounces, negroes, 8 slaves, 13 boys for servants total 21; bulls.
9 3,144 pounds of gold, 3 ounces, 35 steers, moreover boats laden with ivory.
10 His Majesty went on the road of (towards) the haven, destroying the fort of Aranatu² and the fortresses of
11 Kanana,³ laying waste the fort with its mound, approaching the land of Tunep, he laid waste the fort, took its corn, cutting down its groves.
12 and those alive of the troops, bringing them along in
_________
1 Syria.
2 Orontes.
3 Canaan.

{p.52}

peace, approaching the confines of Kateshu, taking the fortresses in it
13 The number of the vile Naharaina¹ who were given up with their horses, 391 slaves, 39 hands, 44 mares.
14 in that year 205 male and female slaves, 67 horses, 3 gold dishes, 3 silver dishes, 3 craters, a table with silver
15 47 bricks of lead, 1,700 pounds of lead, colours, asmar,² all the gems of the country, brass suits of armour, utensils
16 all the excellent wood of that country. Then came every city contributing all good things according to the rate of their yearly produce. The quota of the country of
17 with dishes, heads in shape of bulls, weighing 341 pounds 2 ounces true lapis lazuli, i stone weighing 42 pounds,³ a good cedar chair, iron of his country.
18 of Tanai,⁴ a silver jug of the fabric of the Kefau,⁵ with 3 vases of iron, with silver handles, weighing 56 pounds ...
19 with all the good things of that land. The quota of the vile Kush also the work of the Uat in that year was gold 2374 pounds 1 ounce.
20 Then His Majesty ordered that the extent of his power which he had made, commencing in his 21st and continuing to his 32nd year, should be recorded, and this table was set up at the sacred gate; to make him a giver of life for ever!
_________
1 Mesopotamia.
2 Asmar, "emery."
3 Literally 42 ounces, but an evident error.
4 Danai.
5 Phoenicia.

{p.53}

FRAGMENT

Lepsius, Denkmäler, Abth. iii. Bl. 30. B.

1 ... from the land of the Ruten, from the station built by His Majesty belonging, to him. The Chiefs of the Remenn were pleased that its name should be that of "RA-MEN-KHEPER (THOTHMES III) chastising the ..." Then approached the Chiefs of the cities
2 the land I celebrated to him the festival of the campaign also, when I came from the first campaign from overthrowing the vile Rutennu, and extending the frontiers of Kami. In the 23rd year of power, I (celebrated) to him
3 (the festival, making it to coincide) with the first festival of AMEN-RA, performing it for 5 days. The second celebration of the festival of the campaign occupied one day of the god, corresponding with the celebration of the second festival of AMEN, making the performance for 5 days. The third festival of the campaign coincided with the fifth festival of AMEN RA, giving life
4 .... a great sacrifice for the festival of victory which I made anew, of bread and beer, cows, calves, bulls, geese, white antelopes, gazelles, oryxes, incense, wine, fruit, white food, bread and all (good and pure) things
5 year .... on the i4th day of the month Choiak, when the person of that noble god is drawn rowed out of his Southern Thebes. I made to him a great sacrifice on the day when he returned to his southern

{p.54}

quarter, consisting of bread and beer, cows, calves, bulls, geese, frankincense, and wine
6 on the first campaign he let me fill his tabernacle, for his people to make for him fine white linen fabrics and dresses for stocking working the plains to make (clothes) to fill the press of his (temple).
7 ...... me His Majesty on the good path. The number of doorkeepers, male and female negroes and negresses, which I gave to my father AMEN-RA, beginning on the 23rd year (of my reign) and terminating on the setting up of this tablet at this temple, filling the cells, amounted to 878.
8 north and south, two milch cows of cattle of the Gahai, one milch cow of the cattle of Kush, total four milch cows, to supply the milk kept in pails of gold at sun-set daily (to make) the rites of my father AMEN-RA ....
9 I gave to him three fortresses of the Upper Rutennu; Anaukasa is the name of one, Junu(m)a¹ the name of another, Hurankalu the name of another; compelled to supply a yearly contribution for the sacred food of my father AMEN RA.
10 all (the work) of silver, gold, lapis lazuli, and turquoise. I gave to him gold, silver, lapis lazuli, turquoise, brass, iron, lead, armour, and very many ...... to make the monuments of my father AMEN RA.
11 also I gave him pairs of geese to fill the lakes, to supply the sacred food daily, for I have given him two trussed geese at sunset daily, a charge to remain for ever.
12 of various loaves bread 1000 portions. I ordered this offering of sacred food of different kinds of loaves 1000 portions to be doubled when I went to attack
___________
1 Janoah.

{p.55}

the Rutennu in the first campaign, rendering thanks in the great temple of the RA-MEN-KHEPER (THOTHMES III), the splendour of edifices.
13 632 of various bread in loaves for the daily festivals, besides what was before. I assigned to him very many fields and cultivated gardens selected from the north and south to make a tract to supply corn
14 during the year, of bread and beer, cows, calves, bulls, geese, incense, wine, fruit, and all good things, charged on the yearly produce. I augmented the food and drink to make a thanksgiving as father AMEN had ordered at sun-rise.
15 I gave him divine offerings of bread and beer giving him thanks on the daily festival that of the 6th of the month, as was done on the ... Then I found a good to plough the corn (in the fields)
16 I added sacred offerings of food and drink to the four great obelisks which I made anew a gift to my father (AMEN consisting) of 100 rations of different kinds of bread and 4 draughts of beer, of which each obelisk had 25 portions of bread and 1 draught of beer. I increased the sacred food of the statues of
17 placed at the threshold of the door. I increased the offerings to him at night (consisting) of various bread and beer, geese, incense, wine, white food, bread, and all good things offered at sunset daily. I gave more than was before.
18 I augmented to him the offerings at the festival of the bringing forth of Khem (consisting) of bulls, geese, incense, wine, fruit, and all good things; the things offered amounted to 120 things on behalf of my

{p.56}

health. I ordered that a great hin¹ of wine should be added.
19 charged on the yearly revenue beyond what was before. I also made for him a meadow anew to be planted with all kinds of excellent trees whence to procure vegetables for the sacred meals daily. I augmented the gifts beyond what was before.
20 in my benefits for the entire earth, when I made all the monuments, laws, rites, which I gave to AMEN-RA, Lord of the foundations² of the earth who dwells in Thebes in the great house for I know his spirits, I am acquainted with his wishes being at rest in the midst of the body.³ I know
21 he has ordered to be done, all things he has wished done, according to the intentions of his mind, my heart prompting my arm to act for my father. I devise to make all things for my father.
22 I creating all things, enlarging the monuments, placing, increasing in proportion, purifying, dedicating, and supplying this temple of my father AMEN-RA, Lord of the foundations of the earth who dwells in Thebes, in all directions
23 to him daily when I ordered to supply the festivals from the beginning of the year to the end of the year, to open the court of my father AMEN-RA, who dwells in Thebes when I directed that the things should be prepared for the libations and incense.
24 charged on the yearly revenue. I do not say the contrary to boast of what I have done, saying that I have done more when I do it not, so causing men to contradict it. I have done these (things) appointed by my father AMEN-RA.
___________
1 Jar, about I pint
2 Or thrones.
3 I.e. "of his heart."

{p.57}

25 declaring works which have not been done to him. Inasmuch as heaven knows it, earth knows it, the whole world sees it hourly. I have lived beloved of the Sun, praised by AMEN-RA, my father. My nostril is renewed with life. I have done what is proper (to him.)
26 be awake on guard unceasingly for all your dues pure and clean of divine things watch ye in the hours when they come in your heart, close your mouth, let each look to his foot;
27 ordering my images to be carried in procession across the monuments I made. I sent to you (oh images) to come before, celebrating the festival at the door of his house; clothing our images with clothes. Likewise I filled the treasuries with
28 I have presented with all kinds of vegetables; likewise cleansed the meadow anew. I stocked the selected fields, which I charged on the annual revenue with cattle. I filled the altar with milk. There was frankincense (infinite).
29 tables of silver and gold to hold in your hands my images, when I took my male issue to bring forth my statues the day of carrying my images in procession; asking my father to count the works which I had made in
30 bread as aforesaid at sunset daily beyond what was before, 3305 rations, of various bread for the sacred food; 132 draughts of beer, 2 tahut¹ of corn, 2 measures of corn, 2 measures of dates geese.
31 geese, pigeons, 5 aab of incense, 2 jars of wine, 4 pecks of honey, fruit, manna, a barrel of beer, 3 heaps of flour and bread to the amount of 15 bushels, green .... flesh
_________
1 Pyramids.

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32 2 oryxes, 6 gazelles, 9 goats, 125 geese,¹ 1,100 pairs of geese of another kind, 258 pairs of pigeons, 5,237 pigeons of another kind, 1,140 jars of wine, 4 obelisks of incense, 319 pyramidal piles of food, incense.
33 103 bushels of incense, making 314 pet of incense, 31 amphoras of green frankincense, 5 bushels of gums 236 meals of bulls, 258 meals of geese, 24 obelisks of food, 562 pyramidal cakes
34 The restoration of this monument was made by the RA-SER-KHEPERU, whom the Sun has chosen (HORUS) to his father AMEN-RA, Lord of the earth's foundations; he may be a giver of life like the Sun.
___________
1 Or "ganders."

{p.59}

ANNALS OF THOTHMES III, INSCRIPTION OF AMEN-EM-HEB
TRANSLATED BY S. BIRCH, LL.D.

THIS Inscription was found in the walls of a tomb at Gournah. Published and translated by Dr. G. Ebers, Zeitschrift fur agyptische, Sprache und Alterthumskunde, 1873, 8.1-9 and S. 63, 64; and by M. Chabas, Melanges Egyptologiques, Tom. II. 1873, p. 279-306; Academic des Inscriptions et des Belles lettres. Comptes rendues, Paris, Tom. I. 1873, p. 155. This important tablet gives the date of the reign of Thothmes III which was upwards of 53 years as the king died on the 30th Phamenoth, in the 54th year of his reign, evidently having been a mere child when he ascended the throne.

{p.60} The events recorded in it complete the account of those described in the Statistical Tablet, Amen-em-heb having been engaged in some of the campaigns mentioned in the Tablet, and brought back portion of the spoil. This inscription with that of Aahmes and the tomb of Rekmara helps to complete the history of the reign of Thothmes III.

{p.61}

INSCRIPTION OF AMEN-EM-HEB

1 I was the better part of the Ruler living and well, the half of the heart of the King of Upper Egypt, the glory of the heart of the King of Lower Egypt, I followed
2 my Lord at his footsteps in the land of the north and south as he wished, I was accompanying his feet, I did not leave him
3 out of sight, his power and his valour were intrepid. I took spoil in that land of
4 Kabu,¹ I led thence Amu² 3 persons, living captives. When His Majesty approached Naharaina³
5 I took 3 persons as my spoil thence, I set them before Thy Majesty as living captives.
6 Again I took spoil at the expedition in the vicinity of the land of Uan⁴ on the west of Kharubu,⁵ I brought
7 Amu living prisoners 13 persons, 70 live asses, 13 weapons of brass and weapons inlaid with gold:
8 I again took spoil in the expedition of the land of Karukamasha,⁶ I led thence . . . persons
9 living captives, I transported them on the waters of Naharaina,³ they were in my hand as slaves.
10 (I set them) before my Lord. He rewarded me with a great reward, the amount (was) a chain
11 (of gold). Again I saw the power of the King of Upper and Lower Egypt RA-MEN-KHEPER (THOTHMES III) the giver of life in the land of Sentaru⁷ he made
_____________
1 Unknown.
2 Asiatics.
3 Mesopotamia.
4 Uan, or Van.
5 The Chalybes or Aleppo.
6 Carchemish.
7 Singar.

{p.62}

12 (they) were captured by me before the King; I brought a hand thence. He gave me gold for my reward, the amount (was) a gold chain
13 and 2 silver rings. Again I saw his valour I was among his followers capturing
14 Kateshu,¹ I did not leave the place where he was, I led officers 2 persons, (living prisoners I placed them)
15 before the King the Lord of the two worlds THOTHMES ruler of the Thebaid, the ever-living he gave me gold for (my) valour before all persons,
16 the amount (was) a gold chain, the buckle (in shape) of a lion, 3 collars, 2 flies, and 4 bracelets. I saw my Lord in
17 in all his forms in the confines of the land of (Ga ....)
18 ha .... and again he gave me. I was raising my (for).
19 I again saw his might in that land of Takhisa (I brought thence) the hand of a dead man
20 I spoiled it before the King, I brought three Amu as living prisoners, gave to me
21 my Lord gold for a reward, the amount was 2 gold collars, 4 bracelets, 2 flies, a lion for my person.
22 Again I saw a second time a good work done by the Lord of the two countries in the land of Nii² he hunted 120 elephants on account of their tusks; of (them was)
23 captured the largest one which was among them he rushed in front of His Majesty I cut his hand,³ he fell alive in my power.
24 I went also in the water which is between the two rocks, my Lord rewarded me with gold.
25 He gave me dresses, three pairs. The King of Kateshu made a mare come forth
_________
1 Kadesh, or Kadytis.
2 Nineveh, or else India.
3 His trunk.

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26 in front (against His Majesty). She ran in the midst of my troops, I followed after her
27 on foot having my weapon. I ripped up her belly, I cut off her tail, I gave
28 it to the King, praised be god for it. He gave me joy, it filled my belly with delight it united my limbs.
29 His Majesty ordered that all the valour of his troops should be exerted to open the new walls at Kateshu, I
30 broke them open, I led all the valiant. No other person went before me, I brought officers
31 two living prisoners. Again His Majesty ordered that I should be rewarded on account of it .... in all
32 good places, giving satisfaction to the heart of His Majesty that I had made this capture. I was Captain (of the .... boat)
33 I ordered the towing in at the head of his companions
34 in rowing [the boat] in the good festival of (Southern) Thebes to the place of mankind in joy.
35 So the King ended his time of existence of many good years of victory, power and was made
36 justified, commencing at the 1st year and ending at his 54th year in the 3oth of the month Phamenoth of the reign of the King of Upper and Lower Egypt
37 RA-MEN-KHEPER THOTHMES (III), justified, he ascended to heaven, and joined the Sun's disk a divine follower, urgent in doing, it shone to him as the morning, he was
38 the disk of the Sun coming out of the heaven. The anointed King of Upper and Lower Egypt RA-AA-KHE-PERU the Son of the Sun AMENHETEP (II) the giver of life
39 was established on the throne of his father he rested in the royal residence, all invaders he thrust back, the Kau¹ ....
___________
1 "Miserable."

{p.64}

40 of the land of Tert (Teshr) he hewed off the heads of their chiefs, crowned as HORUS the son of Isis, he took
41 (possession of) that land. The inhabitants of the land of Kenem,¹ every land bowed to his spirits, their tribute was on their backs
42 he gave them the breath of life. His Majesty saw me for I led him in his boat (on the river)
43 (Shaa) ta-em-ua² was its name. I was rowing it with my hands in the good festival of Southern Apt³ also I arranged
44 .... I went also into the harem of the palace, I was allowed to stand in presence of the King of Upper and Lower Egypt RA-AA-KHEPERU (AMENOPHIS II). It was
45 an honour. I was bowing myself forthwith before His Majesty. He said to me, I know about thee. It has been told me all thou hast done
46 following my father. Given to thee for an honour that thou hast commanded the troops, as was said, watch over the valiant troops of the King. The officer Mahu performed all his words.⁴
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1 The word may mean vineyards.
2 M. Chabas reads "crowned in the boat of Ma." It is perhaps "crowned by Truth."
3 A part of Thebes.
4 Or, "Be a true (faithful) officer doing all his words."

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THE THIRD SALLIER PAPYRUS, THE WAR OF RAMESES II WITH THE KHITA
TRANSLATED BY PROF. E. L. LUSHINGTON

THIS papyrus is one of several which belonged to the late M. Sallier of Aix in Provence, who is said to have purchased them of an Egyptian Mariner. Champollion, who saw enough of it to ascertain its general import, quotes some sentences in his Grammar; and mentions it in his Letters from Egypt (2nd edition, 1833). His pupil Salvolini wrote a short treatise Le Campagne de Ramses le grand contre les Cheta, 1835 which contains an analysis of a few sentences; but the first published attempt to translate nearly the whole of the papyrus was made by the Vicomte de Rouge in 1856, in a treatise read before the Institute of France. In 1858 Mr. Goodwin, exercising independent judgment, while mostly concurring with de Rouge, published a version in the Cambridge Essays of that year. It has been subse- {p.66} quently treated in various parts by Brugsch, Mariette, Dümichen, and lastly by de Rouge again, with an additional page acquired by the Louvre collection from the family of M. Raifet its late possessor. Recueil de Travaux, etc., 1870.

When the present papyrus was written is a question not easily answered. The original composition is apparently in the last fragmentary lines of p.11 assigned to the 7th year of Ramses, 2 years after the exploit which it glorifies. De Rouge considers it certain that this is a very inaccurate copy of an earlier authentic document; how long an interval lies between the two is hard to ascertain, but we know the age of the Ramesside dynasties was fruitful in authors and copyists. Pentaur, whose name is affixed to this document, if he was still, as seems to be the case, a well known scribe during the reign of the 2nd Ramses' son and successor Be-n-ra, must like his first master, have far exceeded the usual number of years allotted to man.

The Chronology of Egyptian history is too much disputed a subject for us to name confidently in years BC an approximate date for this narrative. It may however be stated that some of the highest authorities regard the great Ramses as the father of the Pharaoh in whose time Moses led the Israelites from Egypt. The well-attested duration of his reign (66 years) is computed by Lepsius to extend from 1388 to 1322 BC.

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THIRD SALLIER PAPYRUS
RAIFET FRAGMENT

1 Several days after that King RAMSES was in the town Ramses Miamon;
2 moving northward he reached the border of Katesh;¹ then marched onward like his father
3 (MENTU, towards) Hanruta.² The 1st brigade of AMMON,³ that brings victory to King RAMSES (accompanied him),
4 he was nearing the town; then the vile Chief of Cheta came; he gathered (forces)
5 from the margin of the sea to the land of Cheta; came all the Naharina,⁴ the Airatu,
6 the Masu, the Kashkash, the Kairkamasha,⁵ the Leka, Katuatana, Katesh, Akarita,
7 Anaukasa, the whole Mashanata likewise, nor left he silver or gold in his land, he stript it of all its treasures (which) he brought with him.
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1 Katesh or Kadesh, on the Orontes, probably different from any of the towns mentioned in Scripture with the same appellation "the holy city."
2 Orontes.
3 Ammon, chief god of Thebes (Diospolis, No-Ammon Nahum 3. 8) in compositions of this age appears often as the one Supreme deity. Ra, the Sun god, and Tum or Atum, the Setting Sun, are identified with him Mentu is a form of Ra in his warlike attributes.
4 Naharina, Aram Naharain, Gen. xxiv. 10, Deut xxiii. 4, Mesopotamia.
5 Kairkamasha, Carchemish (2 Chron. xxxv. 10) Gargamish in the Assyrian annals, on the road from Katesh to the Euphrates, not to be identified with Circesium.

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8 The vile Chief of Cheta with many allies accompanying him lay ambushed to northwest
9 (of Katesh). Now King RAMSES was all alone, no other with him, the brigade of AMMON marching after him: the brigade
10 (of RA?) at the dyke west of the town Shabutuna; the brigade of Ptah¹ in the centre,
11 the brigade of SET² on the border of the land of Amairo.³ Then the vile Cheta Chief made (an advance)

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THIRD SALLIER PAPYRUS
PAGE 1

1 with men and horses numerous as sand ; they were 3 men on a car, they had joined with every champion
2 of Chetaland, equipt with all war gear, they did not they lay in ambush hidden to north-west of the town
3 Katesh; then they charged the brigade of RA HAR-MACHIS⁴ in the centre, as they were marching on, and feared not to fight.
4 Foot and horse of King RAMSES gave way before them: they then took Katesh on the western bank of Hanruta;
5 this news was told to the King, then he rose as MENTU, he seized his arms for battle, he clutched his
6 corselet like BAR⁵ in his hour; the great horse that bore him, "Victory in THEBES" his name, from
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1 Ptah; chief god of Memphis, Hephaestus of the Greeks, perhaps a more primeval deity than Ammon, and representing a ruder conception.
2 Set, called also Suti and perha