RECORDS OF THE PAST

_______________

BEING
ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS
OF THE
ASSYRIAN AND EGYPTIAN MONUMENTS

PUBLISHED UNDER THE SANCTION
OF
THE SOCIETY OF BIBLICAL ARCHAEOLOGY
 

VOLUME EIGHT:

EGYPTIAN TEXTS

___________________

NOTE

Every Text here given is either now translated for first time, or has been specially revised by the Author to the date of this publication.

CONTENTS

{p.i}

PREFACE

THE Eighth Volume of the "RECORDS OF THE PAST" has been continued on the same principle as its predecessors. A prominence has naturally been given to historical texts, as they are the most important which have been handed down by ancient Egypt. No branch, however, of Egyptian researches has been more minutely explored, and the great historical texts are almost exhausted. In the present volume will be found, a translation of the Sallier Papyrus relating to the Hykshos, the end of the Papyrus comprising the political condition of Egypt in the reign of Rameses III; the Case of Conspiracy against the life of the same monarch; the texts relating to the Gold Mines in the reigns of Seti I and Rameses II; and the decree of Canopus, of the reign of Ptolemy Euergetes II, an inscription throwing great light upon the condition of the Egyptian priesthood under the rule of the Greeks in Egypt.

The subject of mythology is, however, by no means exhausted, and the important texts relating to it are not only beginning to attract attention, but are felt to be necessary for the due comprehension of the religious ideas of the Egyptians. A diversity of opinion, it must be stated, exists amongst scholars as to the value of later inscriptions of the Ptolemaic and Roman period. Some consider these texts to hand down the esoterical notions of ancient Egypt, which, except in the so-called Ritual or Book of the Dead, {p.ii} scarcely appear in the official monuments, although partly illustrated by the hymns to the gods found at the time of the XIXth. and subsequent Dynasties. The present volume contains one of these earlier litanies, that of Ra; and there are others still untranslated capable of throwing, incidentally, considerable light on the cosmic and demiurgic characteristics of the leading deities of the Pantheon. A hymn to the god Ammon of the Oasis, inscribed on the walls of El-Khargeh and of a nature remarkably Pantheistic, is also included in this collection, it probably is the composition of an eclectical denomination which, at a much earlier age, had attempted to reconcile the polytheism with the monotheistic tendencies of a party once dominant, although ultimately unable to effect a religious reformation.

Of literature, as distinct from mythology or history, there are few remains even amongst the numerous papyri which have been found or explored. A rare example, the Praise of Learning and Literature, a poem exalting the occupation of the scribe above all others, will be found at the end of the volume. The difficulties of translation increase greatly when the subject belongs neither to the domain of mythology nor history, and the language becomes more metaphorical or colloquial. Literary compositions are, however, not the least interesting portion of the subject, as they exhibit a vivid picture of national manners and innate thought.

S. BIRCH.
London,
26th November, 1876.

 {p.1}

FRAGMENT OF THE FIRST SALLIER PAPYRUS, RELATING TO THE HYKSOS PERIOD
TRANSLATED BY
E. L. LUSHINGTON, D.C.L.

THIS very defective fragment, which consisted when complete of two pages and three lines, refers to that obscure period when foreign invaders, commonly called Hyksos, or shepherds, held dominion in Egypt, entrusting the government of the Southern region to a subordinate native viceroy. Apapi, the Hyksos king here mentioned, Apophis in the Greek form, is apparently the last of his dynasty. The struggle of which this fragment indicates the commencement, resulted eventually in the re-establishment of Egyptian independence and supremacy. The native prince, Sekenen-Ra, or Tiaaken, was the predecessor of Ahmes (Amosis), who is generally reckoned the 1st king of the XVIIIth dynasty. {p.2} The interest of the subject has attracted the attention of several eminent scholars to this relic of early history. It was first recognised by De Rouge, translated in part by Brugsch, Z. S. f. d. D. Morg. Ges., 9,200, in 1855, and again later in his Histoire de 'Egypte, 1859, p. 78; more fully by Mr. Goodwin, Cam. Ess, 1858, p. 243. More recently it has been treated by Dr. Birch, in Bunsen's Egypt, vol. V., p. 730, 1867; Chabas, Les Pasteur's en Egypte, 1868, p. 16; and Ebers, Ægypten. d. Bucher Moses, 1868, p. 204.

The style of the fragment is in general simple and easy; the difficulties that remain even after the labours of these admirable pioneers in vanquishing obstructions are mainly due to its dilapidated condition. At the end of line 3, p. 3, it breaks off in the middle of a sentence, and line 4 commences with a different subject. The present translation appeared in the Transactions of the Society of Biblical Archaeology, vol. IV, p. 263.

{p.3}

FIRST SALLIER PAPYRUS

PAGE 1

1 It came to pass that the land of Egypt was held by the impure; there was no sovran master on the day when this came to pass. Then King SEKENEN-RA was Ruler in the Southern region, the impure in the district of Amu,
2 their Chief King APAPI in the city Avaris; the whole land did homage to him with their handiwork, paying tribute alike from all good produce of Tameri. King APAPI
3 took to himself SUTECH for Lord, refusing to serve any other god in the whole land he built for him a temple of goodly and enduring workmanship; King APAPI (appointed)
4 festivals, days for making sacrifice to SUTECH (with all rites), that are performed in the temple of RA HAR-MACHIS
5 ... APAPI King SEKENEN-RA .... many days after this ...

[Three or four lines lost.]

PAGE 2

1 with him ... not assent (to serve) any of the gods in the whole land except AMEN RA, King of gods .... many days after this
2 King APAPI sent to the Ruler of the South a notice, according as his scribes knowing in affairs said.

{p.4}

3 Now when the Messenger of King APAPI (came to) the Ruler of the South, he was conducted before the Ruler of the South.
4 He said to the Messenger of King APAPI, "Who sent thee to the Southern region? For what art thou come to the roads?" The Messenger said to him
5 "King APAPI sent me to thee to say .... touching the well for cattle which is .... the city; verily, no
6 sleep came to me day or night." ... the Ruler of the South (was amazed). It came to pass he knew not how
7 to reply to the Messenger of King APAPI. (At length) he said, "Has not thy royal Master ...
8 ....¹ which he sent ....²
9 ..... cakes of bread ....
10 ..... all that thou hast said I find ....
11 I (the Messenger of) King APAPI rose to depart to where

PAGE 3

1 his royal Master was. Then the Ruler of the South bade summon his mighty Chiefs, likewise his Captains and expert guides; he
2 repeated to them the tale entire of the words which King APAPI sent to him concerning them. They were all silent at once, in great dismay
3 they knew not how to answer him good or ill. King APAPI sent to ...
___________
1 Lacunae.
2 Of lines 8, 9 and 10 hardly anything can be made; they seem to contain the words given in the translation, but their connection of course is obscure.

{p.5}

ANNALS OF RAMESES III
THE GREAT HARRIS PAPYRUS
Continued from vol. VI., p. 70.
BY
PROFESSOR EISENLOHR AND S. BIRCH, LL.D.

PLATE 43

[Rameses III wearing the royal head-dress namms a collar usχ with uraeus round the neck and a tunic basui fluted, jewels or other ornaments girdled with the head of a panther and six pendant disked urtzi, a kind of a strap from the right to the left, bracelets mennefer en kabu and armlets, with a kind of tail behind menkrat or sat¹ and sandals tebu on the feet raises his right hand addresses the Triad of Memphis, Ptah, Sekhet, and Nefer-Tum. Before him are his names and titles.]
The Lord of the two countries RA-USER-MA beloved of AMEN, the Lord of diadems² RAMESES Ruler of An [And his declaration to the gods.]
I speak the good prayers, the adorations, the supplications and the glorious deeds I made before thee. On his Southern wall [Ptah wearing a scull cap namms, a collar usχ, long beard, counterpoise maanχ standing draped in a reticulated garment on a pedestal in shape of a cubit, bracelets on his wrists and holding the uas sceptre emblem of life anχ an d stability tat before him by both hands, he is called]
________
1 See Lepsius, Aelteste Texte, PI. 7.
2 Lord of the diadem of the vulture or female diadem, and of the uraeus, the male royal diadem; or else, of Nishem the goddess of the South, and Uati or Buto the goddess of the North.

{p.6}

PTAH great (god) who is the rampart of the South, Living Lord of the Upper and Lower world. [Behind him stands Sekhet lion-headed waving a disk of the Sun and uroeus serpent; she wears a long female head-dress collar usχ and bracelets, armlets menefer en kabu and anklets, mennefer en rat, and a long reticulated female garment held up across the shoulders by straps. In her left hand she holds a papyrus sceptre χua and in her right an emblem of life anχ. She is called]
SEKHET greatly beloved of PTAH.
[Behind her stands Nefer Turn wearing on his head the tall plumes and lotus of the Sun, a long head-dress tied by a fillet, a collar us\ round the neck, and long tunic from the breast to the knees reticulated, armlets and bracelets mennefer en kabu, and anklets mennefer en rat. In his left hand he holds a sceptre, in his right an emblem of life.]

PLATE 44

1 The glorifications, prayers, and addresses, invocations and glorious actions which the King of the Upper and Lower country RA-USER-MA beloved of AMEN, the living, the great god to
2 his father PTAH the Chief of the Southern wall, living Lord of the two countries, SEKHET the greatly beloved of PTAH, TUM the protector of the two countries, the circle of all the gods of the House of PTAH-KA.¹ Said the King of the Upper country RA-USER-MA, Beloved of AMEN the Great God
3 to his father, the noble god, PTAH, who is Chief of the Southern wall, Living Lord of the two countries, TATUNEN,² the father of the gods, having tall plumes, and pointed horns, fine face, over the great throne. I salute thee great one, magnified,
4 TATUNEN, father of the gods, god Chief at first, builder of men, maker of gods, being first of the first order, all
_______
1 Memphis.
2 Or Tanen.

{p.7}

were coming after him, making the heaven creating his tent,
5 supporting it by lifting his heavenly plumes, founding the earth in that he made it himself, encircling it with the waters of the great sea, making the Empyreal gateway to give rest to bodies, causing the Sun to come down to keep them well,
6 as Ruler living for ages, Lord of eternity, Living Lord, opening supplying the throat, giving breath to every nostril, giving life to all persons by his supplies. A time of life begins under his authority, life comes from his mouth, he makes
7 the peace of all the gods in his divine form of the great heavenly water¹  Lord for ever and ever, he circulates the breath of life to all living, he conducts the King to his throne of the palace, in his name of King of the two countries I am thy son, crowned as King
8 on the throne of (my) father in peace, I am fulfilling thy plans for thee, I have redoubled thy good things being on earth, conduct me to rest in the West of the heaven like all the gods of the tombs² of the Empyreal gate, the relations
9 of the cycle, being in thy sacred place like HAPU³ thy noble son who is with thee, let me devour the flower of thy sacred food, bread, incense, beer, spirits, wine, grant (me)

PLATE 45

1 to renew my life in the Taser⁴ seeing thee daily like thy circle of gods, living Ruler on earth as Lord of
______
1 Nu, the god of the heavenly water. The reading Han, "vase," is also found as a variant of this name; cf. Horapollo, I. 21.
2 S'ta, the coffins or tombs.
3 The Nile.
4 A region of the Hades.

{p.8}

Ta-mera.¹ Was I not animated in heart by the valour towards thee
2 to search after all glories for thy noble house, for consecrations before thee in thy city of the walls.
3 I made for thee a new palace in thy fore court, a peaceful place for thy heart at each of thy processions. The palace of RAMESES Ruler of An, the Living in the temple of PTAH a
4 the great sacred staircase of his Southern wall founded of stones of sandstone lying on blocks, its great ties² holding the walls of stone of
5 Abu³ its doors of brass⁴ of six bands, the great columns are of gold, of meh⁵ of stone, the bolts of black metal⁶ bordered
6 with gold having handles of katem⁷ with meh of gold, its monumental figures are life like, and perfect .... Its towers of stone approaching
7 heaven, above the throne of its great house is magnified like the place of the great house with a covering of gold like the doors of heaven, I made thy images
8 at rest in its shrine of gold silver and real precious stones. I equipped it with servants, very numerous with fields and cattle in the South and North.

PLATE 46

1 Its storehouses were inundated with infinite stores, bowmen, galleys, workmen, incense bearers silver bearers
_______
1 Northern Egypt, used for Egypt generally.
2 Or cramps.
3 Elephantine.
4 Baa, or "bronze," brass not being used by the Egyptians.
5 A precious stone, or else "inlayings," "fillings in."
6 Baa kam, "black metal," probably iron; baa of black colour, and also of the colour of gold, are mentioned in the papyrus.
7 Katem or katmer, supposed to be gold. It is like the Greek word kadmeia, a metallic substance or zinc.

{p.9}

2 and feather bearers¹ without number, heaps of corn to tens of thousands, also very many cellars of wine and spirits, and stalls of young cattle,
3 (and) fowl houses for fattening geese, the store houses of Egypt, Ta-neter,² Kharu,³ Kush⁴ (which) I gave, more numerous than the sands, in the noble treasury, the store places had the divine food prepared
4 with provisions. There was no want in any of its places they were for thy service, O Sole Lord, Maker of Beings, PTAH who is the Southern wall, Eternal Ruler.
5 I give to thee twenty thousand measures of corn to be conveyed to thy house every year to supply thy temple with divine food, continually increasing that which was before.
6 I made to sculpture the house of PTAH thy great seat, I gave it to be as the horizon in which the Sun is, for I filled its treasuries with numerous stores and loaded its granaries with corn and barley.
7 I caused to be prepared the statue of thy image in the new gold house of thy temple, manufactured of good gold, of native⁵ silver, real lapis lazuli, real turquoise (and) all
8 precious stones, I made its noble ark like the horizon of heaven, containing thy bark in its interior reposing on it I fixed its great walls,
9 the ark with turned beams, the ceiling of beams; they are of gold with settings of real stones, I fabricated its great beams

PLATE 47

1 for moving, covered with good gold engraved with thy name. Thou elevatest thy heart greatly in the citadel of
______
1 S'ui, or "merchants."
2 The Holy Land, or Northern Arabia.
3 Syria, or the coast of Syria.
4 Ethiopia, the modern Nubia.
5 "Silver out of its land."

{p.10}

Sebak¹ in thy great mysterious form of his Southern wall. Thou fillest thy stronghold with the rays of thy limbs.
2 I caused to be sanctified Ha-ka-Ptah² thy strong seat. I built its temples which were decayed. I sculptured their gods in their noble figures of gold silver and all precious stones in the gold houses.³
3 I made to thee a great plate of silver, beaten out, cut, and engraved by the smith in the name of Thy Majesty with the adorations and prayers I made before thee having the decrees for the benefit of thy house for ever.
4 I made two prisms of six sides they are of the colour of good gold engraved, marked in thy name worked with incisions glorifying the glories I did for thee.
5 I made thee a good pectoral plate for thy breast of the best gold, of katmer (and) silver made with a setting of meh and of real lapis lazuli to be united to thy limbs on thy great throne of the horizon, and the company of the gods of the house of PTAH who rest in them.
6 I made thee a sacred shrine of stone of Abu⁴ fabricating it with eternal work of one piece having folding gates of brass of six sides, cut in thy noble name for ever!
7 PTAH, SEKHET, NEFERTUM, are placed in it, and the statues of the Lord the King with them, to offer before them I gave them the due divine offerings to their faces, remaining to thee for ever to thy handsome face.
8 I made thee great tablets of secret words, set up in the hall of books of the land, of Ta-mera⁵ placed in stands of stone engraved with a chisel to benefit thy noble house for ever and ever.
9 I have filled thy pure harem of women, I brought their children who were absent. They were peoples, hands, and
________
1 The crocodile.
2 Memphis.
3 Probably "the saloon," or "principal hall."
4 Elephantine.
5 Egypt.

{p.11}

other persons, I gave them to thee for the cattle in the house of PTAH; for them was made an order for ever.
10 I made to thee the store places to open in the festivals of thy divine house, they were built out of earth,¹ of skilful fabrication. I filled them with the slaves I brought as captives to supply thy sacred food filled is the shrine to
11 store the house of PTAH-KA, with food to double what was before thee oh thou of the Southern wall, thy circle of the gods is delighted it rejoices in them.

PLATE 48

1 I made thee stalls full of young cattle, fowl houses for taking care of fowl also having fat geese filling cages for use besides, having pigeons to offer to thy service in the course of the day.
2 I gave thee bowmen, workmen, incense bearers, I appointed their Captains to lead them to bring their yearly tribute for thy noble treasury to fill the store houses of thy house with numerous things to redouble thy divine food, to lay them for thy service.
3 I made thee granaries full of corn and barley, having numerous heaps reaching to heaven to store thy divine abode daily to thy beloved face, O Maker of heaven and earth.
4 I made to thee images of the Living Lord wrought of gold, others of pure silver wrought likewise reaching to the ground before thee with stands and altar having divine offerings of bread and beer offered before thee daily
5 I made to thee a great basin² in thy fore court ornamented with gold good of work, making its vases of gold and silver cut in thy name, provided with divine food, all good things to offer before thee at the morning.
________
1 Either of sun-dried clay bricks, or else subterranean.
2 Or altar.

{p.12}

6 I made thee ships and galleys in the midst of the great sea provided with crews, and galleys in great numbers to bring the produce of Ta-neter,¹ the manufactures of the land of Taha² to thy great treasuries of thy city of the Wall.³
7 I made thee great festivals adding the renewed ones to offer in thy service at each of thy celebrations. They were provided with bread and beer, cattle, geese, incense, fruit, sprouts, spirits, wine, royal linen, ordinary linen very numerous good Southern linen,
8 oil, incense, honey, clear gums, all good woods sweet scents to thy beloved face (oh) Lord of the gods.
9 I made thee great festivals on the water to thy very noble and beloved name of PTAH NUN⁴ the Chief, the father of the gods they were provided with supplies of the things produced by the water in thy noble fore court of Sebekh-Sebak⁵
10 for all thy forms and the circle of the gods of the depths. They were as tribute paying to the treasuries and store houses, granaries, stalls, cages, each year to nourish the great Chiefs of Nu at peace, rejoiced at the festivals at their view.
11 I made thy noble boat of the Lord of Ages⁶ of 130 cubits, on the river of great real cedar trees, with a head of acacia. Its great house of trees of the first kind of gold and real stones came down to water, of gold on all its sides, and its head,

PLATE 49

1 having a hawk of good gold, of studs of all good stones, its stern behind made of good gold, its rudders, the handle
_______
1 The Holy Land, Northern Arabia, or Socotora.
2 Northern coast of Syria.
3 Memphis.
4 The Han, or celestial water.
5 Probably another name of Memphis.
6 Neb-heh, name of the barge.

{p.13}

in good gold. There is proceeding PTAH, the handsome face, of his Southern wall
2 to rest within its great house like the solar horizon, satisfied is his heart at its appearance, making fully his good passage on the water of his daughter NEBTNEHA,¹
3 in the Southern wall, mortals and men rejoicing to see it. I was delighted, having its conducting to its noble house.
4 I protected the black cattle and the Hapu² with males and females who were proceeding from the cattle of every house, I gave them all consecrated to the black cattle.
5 I made to be enlarged the frontiers to the places determined, they got what was necessary for pastures establishing their tablets cut in thy name There were made edicts for their benefit on earth.
6 I brought to thee numerous tributes of white gum to go round thy divine abode, with scent of Punt³ to thy noble nostrils on the morning
7 (I) planted trees of frankincense, and gums in thy very noble dromos in Sebekh-Sebak,⁴ by the bringing of my hands from the land of Taneter⁵ to welcome thy foreparts every morning.
8 I made for thee vases of the tables of libation of thy great place with censers, jars, stands having lavers, and, water bottles, (and) great lamps for offerings,
9 with divine food, they were of gold and silver made with inlayings of meh⁶ of precious stones without number laid before thee at the end⁷ of the day, (O) PTAH the Father of the Gods, Builder of Mortals.⁸
__________
1 The mistress of the sycamore, the goddess Athor.
2 The bulls Apis.
3 Arabia.
4 Memphis or Manfaloot.
5 The Holy Land, or Northern Arabia, or Socotora.
6 Supposed to be a kind of precious stone, or else inlaying.
7 Or "every day," but the lamps evidently used at night.
8 Reχ, "mortals" or "intelligences."

{p.14}

10 I made thee the festivals of the beginning of my reign in the very great festivals of Tatunen I redoubled to thee what was done.¹ In the throne room I appointed to thee
11 sacrifices of numerous offerings of bread, wine, beer, spirits, fruit, virgin cattle, calves by hundreds of thousands, bulls by tens of thousands without number, products
12 of the lands of Egypt like the sands of the shore of the river. The gods of the South and North are assembled in the midst of it, I made to be carved thy temple, the festival houses²

PLATE 50

1 which were ruined since there were kings I provided for the circle of all the gods the festivals of thirty years,³ Lords of gold, silver and stones as they were before.
2 I wrapped⁴ them with fabrics of royal and common linen, I anointed them with oil on their heads, I augmented the divine food
3 offered to their persons placed in the reserves of their supplies for ever.
4 Behold my review of the honourable things which I did before thee PTAH who is Southern wall Lord of Sebekh-hut.⁵
5 Behold the circle of the gods of the house of PTAH in my glories.

PLATE 51a

1 The register of the property, the cattle, the cellars, the fields, the galleys, the store places, the cities which gave
2 the king RA-USER-MA, Beloved of AMEN, the Living, the
______
1 "Ceremonies" or "customs."
2 Heb-set, "for the festivals of the Triakonteris," or "cycle of thirty years."
3 Heb-set, the Triakonteris.
4 Ter tut ter.
5 The white wall or acropolis of Memphis, called by the Greeks Leukon Teichos.

{p.15}

Great God, to his noble father PTAH who is the South wall, the Living Lord of the two Countries, as belonging to his residence¹ of ages and eternity.
3 The temple of RAMESES, Ruler of An, the Living, in the house of PTAH, under the Chiefs, 609 heads.
4 The herds of RAMESES, Ruler of An, the Living, in the abode of PTAH, under the charge of the Superintendent of cattle Hui, 1,361.
5 The house of RA-USER-MA, Beloved of AMEN, the town on the West road of the Western water under the Superintendent of the house PENKATATT, 40.
6 The house of RAMESES, Ruler of An, the Living in the house of PTAH, under the authority of Hui who is Chief of the house, 16.
7 The men he gave to the house of PTAH who is the Chief of the South wall, the Living Lord of the two Countries, being in the palace under the authority of the Chief of the workmen URU, 841.
8 PTAH of RAMESES, Ruler of Heliopolis. An, the Living, found the seat in the house of PTAH, under the authority of the ATENNU, PTAHMES, 7.
9 The Kharu² and Nahsi³ of the captives of His Majesty living (which) he gave to the house of PTAH, heads 205.
10 Total heads, 379.
11 Various cattle, 10,047.
12 Cellars and granaries, 5.
13 Boats and galleys, 2.

PLATE 51b

1 Fields, acres 1154.
2 Villages, 1.
3 The useful things, the produce of the men of the palace
_________
1 Or property, possessions.
2 Syrians of the coast.
3 Negroes.

{p.16}

of RAMESES, Ruler of Heliopolis, the Living in the house of PTAH,
4 the herds of RAMESES Ruler of An, in the house of PTAH, of the house of RA-USER-MA, the Living, the city
5 at the West of the house of RAMESES Ruler of Heliopolis in the house of PTAH, the temples of that house, which lead to
6 the treasuries at their yearly revenues.
7 Silver, ten 98, kat 3⅔ ¼
8 Best South linen, various, 233½.
9 Wine, amphorae¹ 390.
10 Silver in things of the work of the men for the divine offerings, ten 141, kat 3½ .
11 Corn, the produce of the labourers, bushels 37,400.
12 Green fodder, trusses 600.
13 Heifers, bull calves, bulls of weight,² bulls belonging³ to herds, 15½.

PLATE 52a

1 Ducks, living, for use, 135.
2 The things of Kami,⁴ the things of Taneter,⁵ the things of Kharui⁴ the Kings of Kush,⁶
3 of Ut⁷ for the divine offerings in enormous number,
4 the gold, the silver, the true lapis lazuli, the true turquoise, all the noble precious stones, the black metal,⁸
5 the cloths of royal linen, common linen, South linen, the coloured cloths, the liquors, the cattle, the geese, and all the property
6 which the King of Upper Egypt, RA-USER-MA, Beloved
________
1 Or casks, mena.
2 Kat same as kat, a drachm and initial of the word Kates', meaning obscure.
3 Ru, mouth; meaning obscure.
4 Egypt.
5 Arabia or North-eastern Nubia, the modern Somali.
6 Ethiopia.
7 Mareotis.
8 Iron.

{p.17}

of AMEN, the Living, the Great God gave as the tribute of the Living Lord to
7 the house of PTAH, the Chief of his South wall, the Living Lord of the two lands, to the temples of his dominions for use from the first year to the thirty-first year, making thirty-one years.
8 Good gold, second class gold, white gold in vases and ornaments, ten 263, kat 5½.
9 Gold ornaments of the Chief,¹ ten 2.
10 Silver vases hammered, ten 342, kat 7½.
11 Silver in a hammered plate of 1 cubit, 6 shop² long, 1 cubit, 1 shop, 5 fingers broad, making ten 173, kat ⅔ ⅛
12 Total of silver in vases and ornaments, ten 516, kat 6.

PLATE 52b

1 Total of gold and silver vases and ornaments hammered out, ten 780, kat 1½.
2 Real lapis lazuli set in gold and worked in two chains³ of beads,⁴ 1, making kat 3.
3 Real lapis lazuli, ten 3, kat 2.
4 Real turquoise, ten 2.
5 Real green felspar, ten 10.
6 Lapis lazuli and real turquoise scarabs, worked⁵ and set in gold, 26.
7 Lapis lazuli scarabs, large, 46.
8 Turquoise scarabs, large, 46.
9 Bronze beaten into a great six-sided prism, 1, great plate, making ten 245.
10 Bronze beaten into a six-sided prism, 1, making ten 65.
_______
1 Or statue, hesa.
2 The cubit has seven s'op, each 2'9611 inches, according to Sir H. James's estimate of the Royal cubit.
3 Clasps.
4 Bubu, bead or drop.
5 Bannu em neb.

{p.18}

11 Bronze in beaten vases, ten 1,708.
12 Total of bronze in beaten vases, ten 2,018.
13 Royal linen, mixed linen,¹ Southern better² linen, cloths various, 7,026.
14 Gums dried, ten 1.034.
15 Frankincense, honey, oil, fat, paints, various bottles,³ 1,046.
16 Spirits, wine, various bottles, 25,978.

PLATE 53a

1 Total of various bottles, 29,024.
2 Ivory tusks, 1.
3 Good cinnamon,⁴ ten 725.
4 Kati wood,⁵ ten 894.
5 Tasheps, bundles 45.
6 Stalks⁶ of Tasheps, bunches 28.
7 Grain of Kharu,⁷ bushels 40.
8 Nekbatah ⁸ bundles 40.
9 Uafita⁹ bundles 80.
10 Fodder, bundles 11.
11 Fruit, bushels 14.
12 Cedar wood, logs 8.
13 Stibium, ten 50.
14 Rutmer,¹⁰ ten 50.
15 Natron, ten 14,400.

PLATE 53b

1 Crystal beads, 31,000.
2 Crystal, cut, hins 341.
_______
1 Maku, mixed material.
2 Qema is either Southern linen or stuffs.
3 Aa.a, apparently bottles of various capacities.
4 Nnaibi, "lances," uncertain.
5 Kat "Tree of Knowledge."
6 Qanna. Tasheps was a red fruit or vegetable substance.
7 Coast of Syria.
8 This word is determined by a "flower."
9 A kind of grain, seed, or fruit.
10 Or retam, perhaps the Hebrew rotam, the broom or juniper.

{p.19}

3 Crystal signets, 3,200.
4 Wood for ship building, 31.
5 Young cattle various, bull calves various, 95,079.
6 Geese, living, 269.
7 Ducks, pairs 150.
8 Birds¹ with golden beaks, 1,035.
9 Birds, living, 41,980.
10 Water fowl, living, 576.
11 Total various fowl, 48,010.
12 Corn for the divine food of the festivals of the heaven, and the first festival of the season² (which) gave
13 the King the great god to his father PTAH, Chief of his Southern wall the Living, Lord of the two Countries, in addition to the divine offerings in continual addition to the shares doubling those which were before His Majesty

PLATE 54

1 from the commencement at the first year to the thirty-first year making thirty-one years, bushels 947,688.
2 The volumes of the Hapi or Nile which the King RA-USER-MA, Beloved of AMEN, the Living, the Great God, gave to his father
3 PTAH, the Chief of his Southern wall, Living, Lord of the two Countries, from the beginning of his 28th year to his thirty-first year making three years.
4 Bread for divine food, baat cakes, 73,800.
5 Bread for divine food, biscuits 191,142.
6 Bread for divine food, pyramids 6,150.
7 Viands, heaps, 14,760.
8 Beer, pints 1,396.
9 Dry dates, jars 2396.
10 Dates, maas 2,396, making³
_________
1 Urtu, Coptic halet, "young birds," "nestling's."
2 Api, or tepi ter, "commencement of season."
3 Weight omitted by scribe.

{p.20}

11 Corn, sacks 3,633 ½ ⅛.
12 Cows, 41.
13 Bulls, 164. Total, 205.

PLATE 54b

1 Goats, living, various, 205.
2 Ducks, living, 574.
3 Geese, living, 84.
4 Mesat, young ducklings, living, 164.
5 Waterfowl, living, 287.
6 Another kind of waterfowl, 3025.
7 Total of various fowls, 4,339.
8 Wine, jars, mna 820.
9 Wine, pots, tut 2,366.
10 Onions, jars 2,366.
11 Spers,¹ jars 2,366.
12 Incense, censers full 164.
13 Incense, lips full 82.
14 Incense, jars 19,892.
15 Incense, ten 4,469.

PLATE 55a

1 Oil, vases 164.
2 Oil, jar vases 574.
3 Tasheps wood, trunks 574.
4 Gum, dry, vases² 2,396.
5 Stibium, vases 2,396.
6 White hand vases 2,396.
7 Gold figures of the Nile,³ 2,396.
8 Gold plates,⁴ 659.
9 Gold basins, pedestals, 656.
10 Silver figures of the Nile, 656.
________
1 Sper, a kind of vase, literally "lip."
2 Tut, perhaps "pairs" of vases.
3 Hapi, or the Nile.
4 Nusa, apparently plate, pedestal, or something in which the Nile was represented.

{p.21}

11 Silver basins (or pedestals), 656.
12 Real stone figures of the Nile, 15,944.
13 Real stone pedestals, 15,944.
14 Wooden sycamore figures of the Nile, 784.
15 Wooden figures of REPI, wife of the Nile, 784.
16 Crystal necklaces, 2,968.
17 Crystal signets, 2,968.

PLATE 55b

1 Southern linen, pieces 2,968.
2 Honey for food, hins 66.
3 Honey, measures¹ 164.
4 Honey, pukas² 3,210.
5 Fresh fat for food, hins 205.
6 Fresh fat, hand vases 674.
7 Beans,³ shelled, vases 2,396.
8 Natron, vases 2,396.
9 Grapes, seta⁴ vases 2396.
10 All (kinds of) good fruit, vases 22,760.
11 Grapes, bottles 2,396.
12 Paints, bottles 2,396.
13 Best flour, pints 2,396.
14 Flour, pints 45,100.
15 Flour, meht 45,100.

PLATE 56a

1 Gurkins,⁵ in cups, 21,000.
2 Tenruuka⁶ in cups,⁷ 21,000.
3 Fodder, trusses 2,396.
4 Reeds,⁸ of the shores, handfuls 14,350.
5 Alahama⁹ in cups, 721,000.
_______
1 Ark, kind of measure.
2 Another kind of measure.
3 χep.
4 Another kind of measure.
5 Aufu haaf.
6 A kind of cucumber or gourd; it was grown in water or irrigated land.
7 Or ephahs.
8 Qa.it nu uteb.
9 Supposed to have been raisins.

{p.22}

6 Sweet living flowers, 21,000.
7 Tamarisks, handfuls 1,640.
8 Flower crowns, in apts, 29,700.
9 Plant bunches for processions, 21,000.
10 Plants, bushels 21,000.
11 Stone blocks, aba¹ 15,150.
12 Shui,² bunches 15,150.

PLATE 56b

1 Give me thy eye and thy ears O PTAH Father of the gods, Builder of the circle of the gods, listen
2 to my declaration of truth which I make to thy face, I am thy son loving thee, great in thy glories, receive
3 my son to be King, placed on the throne as Ruler of all countries, head of mortals, RA-USER-MA, approved of AMEN,³ Living, the child
4 proceeding from thy limbs, let him be on earth, rise like the son of Isis, may he take the crown Atef having the uarti⁴ give
5 him to be at rest on thy seat⁵ as king of the Upper and Lower Country as a Har, powerful bull,⁶ loving truth. Give him the dominions
6 as thou makest his time excellent on earth having joys. Give victory to his sword over all lands and countries prostrate
7 under his sandals for ever and ever! Give his protection over Kami,⁷ as living Ruler of the Upper and Lower Country.
8 He is holy⁸ before thee having thy benediction, he enlarges the frontiers of the Barbarians coming to his valour. He has made
______
1 Part of door, jamb.
2 Unknown flower.
3 Rameses IV.
4 Uart, the knob at the top.
5 Hut, throne.
6 Har, or Harmachis, the palatial or so-called standard title.
7 Egypt.
8 The ta-ta, or "two countries."

{p.23}

9 adorations, give a happy life, perfect his body within his limbs constantly,
10 the King RA-USER-MA approved of AMEN the Living, the Son of the Sun, Lord of diadems, RAMESES the true Ruler, Beloved of AMEN, the Living.

DONATIONS TO THE GODS OF THE NORTH

PLATE 57

1 The rendering honour, salutations, glorifications, adorations and numerous merits which the King RA-USER-MA made, Beloved of AMEN, the Living, the Great God, to his fathers, all the gods, and goddesses of the South and North.
2 Said the King RA-USER-MA, Beloved of AMEN, the Living, the Great God, adoring and magnifying the circle of the gods, Lords of the South and North.
3 Hail ye gods and goddesses, Lords of the heaven, earth, and great waters, the running in the boat of millions of years, with the father RA, his heart is satisfied (when) he sees their goodness to prosper Ta-mera¹ leading the Nile measuring in proportion,
4 conducting it to the mouths of these for ever and ever under regulation. The breath of life, time sealed, which their father made at the coming forth of their feeding mouths. He rejoices in his youth at their sight, in great heaven, powerful
5 on earth, giving breath to the closed nostril, I am your son, which your hands have engendered, ye crowned me as living Ruler of every land, ye gave to me good things upon earth, I tranquilly hold my dignity in peace without pride, bringing meritorious gifts
6 and presents to your temples. I have furnished them
________
1 Northern Egypt, Egypt in general.

{p.24}

all with great lists placed in all the halls of writings, with men, their fields, their herds, their gallies, their transports, on the river I made to be renewed your
7 temples which were long since decayed. I augmented the divine food more than what was before you. I have served in your temples (and) the gold house, with gold, silver, lapis lazuli and turquoise, I made the supplies of your treasuries, I completed them with numerous
8 things, I filled your granaries with corn (and) barley in heaps, I built to you houses and temples. I inscribed them in your name for ever, I arranged your servants, I filled them with numerous men, I did not lead men by tenths
9 from the temple of the gods, since the time of Kings, doing it to conscribe them for foot soldiers and cavalry. I made decrees to their benefit upon earth for the Kings who will come after me. I brought to you offerings before you
10 prepared of all good things, I made for you repositories opening on the festivals. I filled them with numerous supplies. I made for you vessels of libation, of gold, silver, and brass by hundreds of thousands. I constructed your divine barge on the river
11 having a great cabin, ornamented with gold. I made a foundation¹ of squared stone in the house of my father ANHAR² SHU, the son of RA, the temple of "RAMESES Ruler of An, the Living, and a trial of words"³ in the house of ANHAR I filled them with men and slaves by selection,
12 its treasuries holding numerous things, the granaries holding corn. I augmented the divine supplies continually to offer to your dignity oh SHU, the son of RA, I surrounded the house of ANHAR" with an enclosure wall of
_________
1 Asi.
2 Onouris, Mars.
3 Ramessu hek An uta χer. The name of the foundation.

{p.25}

twenty yards,¹ in the foundations in the earth, (and) an elevation of thirty yards,
13 having doors, halls, and towers, in all its directions, its embrasures,² of squared stone having windows of cedar wood, plated with brass, keeping back the tribes of the Tahennu³ who invaded the frontiers hitherto

PLATE 58

1 I made many presents in the city of Hesi-ra of father THOTH, the God resident in Sesen, I built him a temple anew in his aba.⁴ It was
2 in the sacred chapel of the entire Lord I made him another temple as a habitation; it was as the horizon of the heavens in his sight (when) he rises. He delighted to rest in
3 it. He rejoices pleased to see them. I prepared them with all stores of materials out of things of all the countries (and) numerous slaves (which) I led as property for them.
4 I doubled the divine food laid before him in the store house of opening in the festivals, with food given him at the festive sacrifices (at) the festivals at the beginning of the year to give satisfaction to His Majesty
5 at all times. I surrounded the house of THOTH with enclosure walls of twenty yards in the foundations of the earth rising thirty cubits high, having doors, halls, and towers in all directions,
6 with windows of its walls of squared stone, having shutters of cedar wood plated with brass to repel the natives of the land of Tahennu who were treading on their frontiers hitherto.
_______
1 T'at'a.
2 Htar.
3 The Libyans or one of the tribes on the North-west confines of Egypt.
4 Peribolos, forecourt.

{p.26}

7 I made to strengthen the city of Abut¹ the district of OSIRIS, with watching the selection of presents within the city of Nafur,² I built my temple of stone within his divine house like the great house
8 of TUM which is on high. I supplied it³ with men having their numerous offices, it was rich and increased⁴ with all beings, I made for it divine food, supplying its altars. The father
9 OSIRIS Lord of Taser,⁵ I made to him an image of the Living Lord, I brought in presentation vases of libation likewise of gold and silver I surrounded the house of OSIRIS
10 and HARSIESIS⁶ with a great wall firm like a hill of granite with halls and towers having embrasures and doors of stone and window frames of cedar. I made the barge of OSIRIS likewise an ark holding the Disk.
11 I made to carve the precinct in the house of father APHERU⁷ of the South Lord of Saiui.⁸ I built a house in it of squared stone the dedications inscribed on a plate of bronze in his noble name.

PLATE 59

1 I completed it with every good thing of all countries I appointed to him servants in great numbers. I made him a store house anew having the sacred food to sacrifice to his services daily, I constructed to him
2 a great boat on the river like the barge of the Sun which is above. I surrounded his house with walls of skilful
_________
1 Abydos.
2 A city of the Thinite nome in South Egypt.
3 Or "occupied."
4 Or "the deficiency was completed with all things."
5 One of the regions of the Underworld or Hades.
6 "Horus, son of Isis," as distinguished from Harur or Haroeris, Horus the Elder, son of Seb and brother of Osiris.
7 Name of Anubis.
8 Sais.

{p.27}

work of twenty cubits in the foundation, with an elevation of thirty cubits, having halls,
3 towers, and bulwarks in all its circuit great windows of stone and doors of cedar plated, heavy bolts of six sided prisms, cut in the great name of Thy Majesty for ever.
4 I made strong the house of SUTEKH¹ Lord of Nubti.² I built up its peribolos³ which was decayed. I occupied the house in it in the divine name of the god, of skilful construction
5 for ever, the house of RAMESES HEK AN in the temple of SUTEKH, NUBI is its great name.⁴ I equipped it with slaves, captives, men I had procured. I gave it herds of cattle in the Northern district to
6 supply its revenue continually the divine food anew by continual increase which was before I gave it fields, and cultivated lands in the Southern
7 and Northern district having corn and barley for its treasuries, preparing the things led by my hands to re-double the festivals in front of it daily.
8 I made numerous donations for thy great black cow before (my) father HORUS-KHENTI-KHRATI,⁵ I renewed the aba⁶ of his temple, I made the building again
9 tight and firm redoubling to it the divine food continually to his beloved face every morning, I brought to him gifts of slaves male and female silver and gold royal linen, and good Southern linen,⁷ oil
10 frankincense and honey, heifers. I gave him herds anew of numerous cattle, to supply his service the oldest of the
______
1 Set or Typhon.
2 Ombos, or the Gold Land.
3 Or "walls."
4 Ha Ramessu hek An, its name.
5 A form of Horus.
6 Peribolos.
7 Qema, or stuff.

{p.28}

Chiefs, I ordered his noble house by water (and) land made
11 with great dedications in his name for ever, I gave him Prophets and Officers of his houses, making them to command his servants by the offerings to his house. I removed a magistrate to receive the offerings
12 in them, I released all his men belonging to him. I made it like the great temples in that land protection, honour for ever, and eternity having (words). I fetched his men

PLATE 60

1 all who have been led away¹ (captive) and all officers placed to command them in his noble house.
2 I made a great temple, magnificent in the house of SUTEKH of RAMESES, Beloved of AMEN, the Living, I built settled, and cut, writings around them having (windows)²
3 of stone, doors of cedar, the house of RAMESES-HEK-AN the Living in the house of SUTEKH, having his name for ever. I appointed him servants, of men I had obtained male and female slaves (whom) I led captive
4 to my power. I give him sacred food full and pure to supply his services daily. I filled his treasury with things without number, having granaries bushels of corn as it were tens of thousands, (and) herds having cattle
5 like the sands to supply thy service, (O) the most valiant!
6 I made to prevail (very) numerous gifts to the gods, and goddesses of the South, (and) North, I made their figures in the abode and the golden hall. I built up that which was
7 in ruin in their temples, I made their abodes and temples in their forecourt. I planted trees I dug ponds. I augmented their divine food of best corn²
______
1 Xanar, taken as spoil.
2 Or "corn." Nefer for nafre, grain.

{p.29}

8 augmenting corn, wine, incense, flour, cattle, geese. I built the Uaht¹ of their lands firm, having divine food daily I gave them great rolls to dedicate
9 their temples, placed in the library for ever and ever!
10 See the registers before you (O) gods (and) goddesses, look to the gifts which I made for your service.

PLATE 61

1 The registers of things cattle, cellars, fields, galleys, store houses, towns, and all property
2 which gave the King RA USER MA, Beloved of AMEN, the Living, The Great God, to his fathers the Gods, (and) Goddesses (Lords) of the South (and) North
3 (to) the house of RAMESES-HEK-AN the Living Judger of Words in the temple of ANHAR,² heads³ 457.
4 The men which he gave to the temple of (the god) ANHAR of the tall plumes, resident in Tennu,⁴ 160.
5 The temple of RAMESES-HEK-AN the Living in the temple of OSIRIS, Lord of Abutu,⁵ 682.
6 The men whom he he gave to the house of his noble father OSIRIS Lord of Abutu, 162.
7 The house of RAMESES-HEK-AN the Living in the house of SET (of) Nubti,⁶ 106.
8 The men which he gave to the house of KHEM, HARSIHESI⁷ and all the gods of Kabti,⁸ 39.
9 The men whom he gave to the abode of ATHOR, Lady of the abode of the city of Kherp,⁹ 12.
10 The men he gave to the house of SEBAK, Lord of the city of Nashi,¹⁰ 22.
________
1 Unknown places.
2 Onouris, or Mars.
3 "Heads," for persons; the Negroes were reckoned by heads.
4 Silsilis.
5 Abydos.
6 Ombos.
7 Harsiesis.
8 Coptos.
9 Undetermined, probably Tentyra.
10 Undetermined site.

{p.30}

11 The men whom he gave to the house of KHEM, HARSI-HESI, (and) the gods of the city of Merpu,¹ 38.
12 The abode of RAMESES-HEK-AN the Living, KHEM, Lord of Merpu, placed under the stick of ANUSHEFNU who is over the troops, 203.
13 The men whom he gave to the house of KHEM, Lord of the city of Mau,² 38.
14 The men whom he gave to the abode of KHNUM, Lord of the city of Shasipu,³ 17.
15 The men whom he gave to the house of APHERU, Chief of the two countries, 4.

PLATE 61b

1 The abode of RAMESES-HEK-AN, the Living, making procession on the thirty years' festivals, in the house of APHERU under the stick,⁴ of THOTHEMHEB, who is General of the Forces, heads 157.
2 The abode of RAMESES-HEK-AN, the Living, in that house under the stick of ANTUSHEFINU who is General of the forces, 122.
3 The abode of RAMESES-HEK-AN, the Living, in the house THOTH, Lord of Sesennu,⁵ 89.
4 The house of RAMESES-HEK-AN, the Living, in that house, 66.
5 The men he gave to that house, turns,⁶ 484.
6 The men he gave to the house of KHNUM Lord of the city of Hat-ur,⁷ 34.
7 The men he gave to the house of AMEN Lord of the city of Mertera,⁸ 44.
_______
1 Undetermined site.
2 Supposed Tama in Nubia.
3 Perhaps same as Shaashetp or Antaeopolis.
4 Authority.
5 Hermopolis.
6 Sep, literally "turns" or "times," perhaps incorrect form of su "person.'
7 Apollinopolis Parva.
8 Undetermined site.

{p.31}

8 The men he gave to the house of THOTH, of the city of Pautika,¹ 65.
9 The men he gave to the house of AMEN, the Lion of the wood, 44.
10 The men he gave to the house of ANEPU, Lord of the city of Septu,² 78.
11 The men he gave to the house of SABAK, Lord of the city of Mernemsha,³ 38.
12 The men he gave to the temple of SUT, Lord of the city of Sept-meru,⁴ 99.
13 The men he gave to the temple of HARSHAF,⁵ King of the two countries, 103.
14 The men he gave to the house of AKHEM, SHETET, HORUS in the land Sha, 146.
15 The men he gave to the house of SET, Lord of Sesu, 35.
16 The men he gave to the house of AMEN-RA, Lord of the of the thrones of both countries in Pehu, 62.
17 The men he gave to the house of ATHOR, Lady of the city of Api-ka,⁶ 124.

PLATE 62a

1 The cattle of RAMESES the Ruler of An,⁷ the Living, established and well, giving glory to his mother BAST, heads 1,533.
2 The men he gave to the temple of BAST, mistress of the land of Birasti⁸ in the waters of the Sun, 169.
3 The house of RAMESES the Ruler of An, the living and well, the house of SUT in the house of RAMESES, Loving AMEN, 106.
4 The cattle of RAMESES, the Ruler of An, the Living,
_______
1 Undetermined site.
2 Oxyrhynchite Nome.
3 Unknown site.
4 Sper-meru, lip or border of lake (Moeris), undetermined site.
5 "Terrible face," surname of Khnum.
6 Aphroditopolis.
7 Heliopolis.
8 Bubastus.

{p.32}

and well, the glory of his father HAR-KHENTI-KHRATI, who presides over Kamur,¹ 114.
5 The men he gave to the temple of MUT, who dwells in Abui-neteru,² 24.
6 Total of heads, 5,811.
7 Beasts, various, 13,433.
8 Fields, acres 36,012.
9 Cellars, 11.
10 Store houses, 2.
11 Corn, bushels 73,250.
12 Vegetables, bundles 3,300.
13 Flax, bundles 3,000.

PLATE 62b

1 Gold, silver, real lapis lazuli, real turquoise, and all kinds of real precious stones,
2 brass, clothes of royal linen, Southern linen, embroidered linen, incense, cattle, fowl, and all things
3 which the King RA-USER-MA, beloved of AMMON, the Living, and well, the Great God, gave as the tribute of the Lord, Living and well,
4 from his first to his thirty-first year making thirty-one years.
5 Gold vases with ornaments wrought, making ten 1727, kat 8¼.
6 Silver vases with wrought, making ten 2428, kat 5⅛.
7 Total of gold and silver, ten 4148, kat 3½.
8 Gold mixed with the crystal of collars, 4.
9 Gold mixed with crystal ornaments, 4.
10 Gold crown for the head, 1.
11 Silver bordered with gold collar of THOTH, 1.
12 Real lapis lazuli, ten 10, kat 6.
13 Real turquoise, ten 2, kat 5 / 6.
14 Lead³ of the Uaua,⁴ kat 3.
______
1 Abusir.
2 Unknown site.
3 Tahi.
4 Northern Nubia.

{p.33}

15 Black brass bordered with gold ornament, 1.
16 Black metal, ten 260, kat 6.

PLATE 63a

1 Brass in beaten or many vases, ten 18,130, kat 3.
2 Lead, ten 2130.
3 Resins, ten 782.
4 Royal linen, ropes 17.
5 Royal linen, superior ropes¹ 25.
6 Royal linen wraps² of HORUS, 3.
7 Royal linen, collars 35.
8 Royal linen, cloths 5.
9 Royal linen, χenk 2.
10 Royal linen, at 179.
11 Royal linen, straps 168.
12 Royal linen clothes, various, 10.
13 Total of royal linen, clothes 439.
14 Good Southern linen, pieces 2.
15 Good Southern linen, straps 2.
16 Good Southern linen, ropes 234.
17 Good Southern linen, utu 29.

PLATE 63b

1 Southern linen, at 428.
2 Good Southern linen, haumen 1.
3 Good Southern linen, straps 399.
4 Good Southern linen, tunics 37.
5 Good Southern linen, various clothes, 37.
6 Total of good Southern linen, various clothes, 1,216.
7 South linen, caps 23.
8 South linen, bands utu 1.
9 South linen, rolls 218.
10 South linen, at 181.
______
1 Tu.
2 Sta.
3 Atu.

{p.34}

11 South linen, straps 43.
12 South linen, mitres¹ 49.
13 South linen, tunics 23.
14 South linen, covers 40.
15 Total of South linen, cloths 556.
16 Coloured caps² 60.
17 Coloured clothes³ 12.

PLATE 63c

1 Coloured caps 1.
2 Coloured bed cloths, 4.
3 Coloured girdles, 567.
4 Coloured cloths, various, 92.
5 Total of coloured cloths, 736.
6 Total royal linen, Southern linen, coloured linen, various, 347.
7 Nut⁴ linen, ten 700.
8 Nut crowns, various, 19.
9 Incense, white, amphorae various 601.
10 Honey, jars 567.
11 Oil of Egypt, amphorae 513.
12 Oil of Kharu,⁵ amphora 542.
13 Palm wine, amphora 1.
14 Red palm wine, amphorae 1.
15 White fat, amphorae 273.
16 Goose fat, amphorae 44.
17 Paints, amphorae 31.

PLATE 64a

1 Pitch oil, amphorae 1.
2 Total of spices, smen 2,688.
3 Spirits, amphorae 134.
4 Spirits, casks 287.
_______
1 Katamam.
2 Tuu.
3 Cf. Ixiii.a, 1. 8.
4 Thread.
5 Syria, Northern Palestine.

{p.35}

5 Wine, meriris 2.
6 Wine, mersa amphorae 2,884.
7 Spirits, wine, drugs, various, 3,247.
8 Total of various spices, 8,975.
9 Drops, karata set in gold, 124.
10 Various stone pectorals, 5,673.
11 Scarabs of stone, various, 1,662.
12 Various stone signets, in drops, 1,643.
13 Various stone sphinxes¹ of the living Lord, 557.
14 Various stone holders of the place of the hand,² 62.
15 Turquoise rings (for) the fingers, 6,278.
16 Steatite stone signets, 6,278.

PLATE 64b

1 Crystal bearers of hands, 62.
2 Crystal signets, 4,185.
3 Crystal scarabs, 930.
4 Crystal pectorals, 6,583.
5 Crystal beads, 825,840.
6 Crystal beads in bunches, 31.
7 Crystal rings, 4,247.
8 Lapis lazuli drops, ten 73, kat 3.
9 Turquoise drops, ten 34, kat 3.
10 Jasper rings, 31.
11 Jasper scarabaei, 90.
12 Jaspers, ten 19.
13 Green feldspar, ten 17.
14 Arut³ smat⁴ 35.
15 Crystal, smat 28.
16 Hers⁵ stone, smat 428.
17 Jasper, smat 4.
______
1 Brugsch Worterbuch, 1313.
2 Bracelets.
3 A kind of stone.
4 A kind of pigment for the eyes or eyebrows, or a quantity.
5 Hers, carnelian.

{p.36}

PLATE 64c

1 Hnqamamu,¹ 160.
2 All (kinds) of stone, smat 160.
3 Sycamore, tat 496.
4 Figwood, mesta² 3.
5 Tasheps wood, mesta 30.
6 Tasheps wood, bundles 37.
7 Acanthus,³ wood, mesta 2.
8 Palm wood,⁴ mesta 2.
9 Fodder, mesta 4.
10 Incense, kalaluba 100.
11 Mahati stone, sala, 100.
12 Citron, pomegranates,⁵ bunches 32.
13 Grapes, bunches 22.
14 Fruits, various, measures 212.
15 Kernels, bunches 3.

PLATE 65a

1 Gum, bushels 2.
2 Green colour, jars 3.
3 Clay, jars 380.
4 Alabaster, white, bundles 72.
5 Alabaster, white, ten 32,500.
6 Dates of the dom palm, kabu 2,548.
7 Mallows, bundles 46,040.
8 Mallows, persa 320.
9 Stone in blocks, 351.
10 Corn, sacks 2,231.
11 Southern grain, baskets 95.
12 Oxen and cattle, various, 1,142.
13 Ox hides, 37.
14 Cedar wood blocks, various, 336.
________
1 An unknown stone.
2 Bunches.
3 Aufita. Spina Ægypti.
4 Nebpata.
5 Menenu.

{p.37}

15 Sycamore sticks, 2.
16 A log of mulberry, ten 100.

PLATE 65b

1 Natron, bricks 3,842.
2 Natron, packets 62.
3 Salt, bricks 4,242.
4 Salt, packets 166.
5 Olives, bushels 1,352.
6 Rutem¹ packets 97.
7 Anbu² packets 99.
8 Grapes, sacks 253.
9 Grapes, crowns 80.
10 Raisins, sacks 66.
11 Fruit, bushels 87.
12 Pash fruit, sebkhi 198.
13 Tenana³ 118.
14 Pash fruit, behkens⁴ 194.
15 Water reeds, bundles 390.

PLATE 65c

1 Southern flax, hetps 46.
2 Onions, ropes 37.
3 Fat geese in flocks, 4.
4 Geese, living, 190.
5 Water fowl, pairs 253.
6 Water fowl, trussed, 1,920.
7 Fish, sliced, 6,500.
8 Fish, prepared, 13,100.
9 Dates in bushels, 2,300.
10 Palm trees, 2,300.
11 Fire wood, 200.
12 Charcoal, sacks 50.
_______
1 Juniper.
2 Grapes or raisins.
3 Undetermined fruit.
4 Unknown quantity.

{p.38}

13 Vineyard of grapes, 2.
14 Garden of sycamore trees, 2.
15 A house, prepared with tools, 1.
16 Fields, aronras 1,361.

PLATE 66a

1 The bushels of corn of the divine supplies of the festivals of the heaven,
2 the festivals of the beginning of the year, which he gave to them besides
3 the divine supplies, continually increasing to double that which was before
4 commencing from the first year to the thirty-first making thirty-one years, bushels 250,326.

PLATE 66b

1 Hear ye great circle of gods and goddesses let the good things I have said be in your hearts. When I was King over the country
2 Ruler of the living, let my divine form be as one of you gods of the circle. I go in (and) come out with them within the Taser.¹
3 I pass on I am with you before RA, I regard the rays of his disk at the morning let me breathe
4 the air as you, and receive the smell of the sacrifices on the altar before OSIRIS let my heart rejoice listen to what I say
5 establish my son as King on the throne of HORUS, may he be the living Ruler on earth as Lord of the two countries, placed is the diadem on his head, like the entire Lord.
6 May he have joined the two urai like TUM. Let him make festivals of thirty years like TATANEN,² having the duration of his reign like NEFERHER.³
7 Give him power and strength over all countries who come
______
1 Region of Hades.
2 Title of Ptah.
3 "Handsome face," title of Ptah.

{p.39}

by the terror of him with their presents. Give the love of him
8 in the hearts of the illumined, let the whole earth be rejoiced at his appearance give him Egypt to be proud, holding
9 joys totally under his sandals for ever and ever! The King of Upper and Lower Egypt, the Lord of the two countries RA-USER-MA, Approved of AMEN¹ the Living.

ADDITIONAL GIFTS
PLATE 67

1 The register of the gods, men, gold, silver, lapis lazuli, gems, real turquoise, and all real stones,
2 cattle, vineyards, fields, galleys, storehouses, cities, sacrifices, offerings, the books of the Nile and all the property which gave
3 the King RA-USER-MA, Beloved of AMEN, the Living, the Great God, to his noble father AMEN-RA, King of the Gods, and TUM, Lord of the two countries of An and and Haremakhu²
4 PTAH great god of his Southern wall, the Lord of Anktati³ and to all the gods and goddesses of the South and North, King on earth
5 the processional standards and images, the hearts of AMEN-RA King of the gods, gods 2,756.
6 Men, persons 113,433.
7 Oxen and various cattle, 490,386.
8 Fields, arouras 1,071,780.
9 Vineyards and gardens, 514.
10 Transports and gallies, 88.

PLATE 68a

1 Towns of Egypt, 160.
2 Towns of Kharu, 4,169.
________
1 Rameses III.
2 Harmachis.
3 Place near Memphis.
4 Syria.

{p.40}

3 The ornaments of the 1556 of the statues and hearts.
4 Best gold, ten 7,205, kat 1.
5 Silver, ten 1,143, kat ¼.
6 Total gold and silver, ten 15,252, kat ½.
7 Real lapis lazuli, ten 47, kat ⅛.
8 Black brass,¹ ten 10,000,² kat 8.
9 Brass in wrought vessels, ten 97,188, kat 3.
10 Lead, ten 8,896.
11 Tin, ten 95.

PLATE 68b

1 Various stones, apts 18, 168, kat 1.
2 Cedar wood blocks,³ various, 328.
3 Persea blocks, various, 4,415.
4 The things, for the use of the workmen, and servants of the abode,
5 temples, and places, which he gave them for their yearly revenue:
6 Best gold of the country, gold of second quality⁴ in vases, and ornaments (beaten out),⁵ ten 2,289, kat 4½.
7 Silver vases (beaten out), ten 14,050, kat ½.
8 Total gold and silver in beaten out vases and ornaments ten 16,339, kat 6½.
9 Gold mixed with precious stone collars, ornaments and crowns, 9.
10 Silver, bordered with gold pectoral plates for THOTH, 1.
11 Copper, ten 27,580.
12 Royal linen, common linen, good Southern linen, coloured cloths, various, 3,675.

PLATE 69

1 Thread, ten 3,795.
2 Incense, honey, oil, spices, tens amen 1,529.
_______
1 Or Metal, la.
2 Or 10,001.
3 χes, perhaps a length, a "cane."
4 Sep sen, two turns, "refined."
5 Kankan.

{p.41}

3 Spirits, wine, various, jars¹ 28,080.
4 Silver in things for the use of the men, ten 4,204, kat 7½ ⅛.
5 Corn, the produce of the labourers, hetps 460,000.
6 Green fodder, bundles 324,750.
7 Flax, bunches 71,000.
8 Water fowl, the produce of shooting and netting, 426,965.
9 Cattle, young cattle, various calves of weight, herds of Egypt, 961.
10 Cattle, young of cattle, bulls various, calves, cattle, the produce of the land of Kharu,² 19. Total, 968.
11 Living geese for use, 1,920.
12 Cedar arks, boats 12.
13 Acacia boats, the stations at the banks for transporting cattle, barges, arks 78.

PLATE 70a

1 Total of cedar and acacia barks, 90.
2 The things of Egypt, the things of Ta-neter,³ the things of Kharu, the things of Kush⁴ and Ut⁵ for divine offerings in their numerous accounts;
3 gold, silver, real lapis lazuli, real turquoise, all sorts of real precious stones, bronze or copper;
4 cloth of royal linen, mixed linen, good Southern linen, clothes of dyed linen, jars, birds, all the property he gave them
5 as gifts of the living Lord, sacrifices, offerings, rolls of the Nile. He was as King over the land.
6 Best gold, gold of second quality, silver in wrought vases and ornaments, ten 1,663.
7 Silver vases wrought, ten 3,598, kat 4.
8 Total of gold and silver in wrought vases, ten 5,261,
______
1 Aanu, "spices."
2 Northern Palestine or Syria.
3 Somali.
4 Ethiopia, modern Nubia.
5 The Oasis, or Mareotis.

{p.42}

9 Real lapis lazuli, real turquoise, real green felspar, ten 30, kat 9⅛.
10 Real lapis lazuli, real turquoise scarabaei, 72.
11 Tamhi¹ of the land of Uauat,² 2.

PLATE 70b

1 Black metal, ten 337, kat 9.
2 Black metal inlaid³ with gold ornaments, 2.
3 Black metal in wrought vases, ten 18,786, kat 7.
4 Lead, ten 2,130.
5 Gums, ten 7,709.
6 Gums, measures 5½.
7 Wood of gum trees, 1,059.
8 Seed of gum trees, in apts, 200.
9 Royal linen, common linen, good Southern linen, Southern coloured cloths, various, 50,877.
10 Incense, honey, oil, palm wine, drugs, various, apts 431,502.
11 Incense, measures 315,130.
12 Incense, cups great 62.
13 Spirits, wine, amphorae and caabs, 228,380.
14 Good manna of Punt,⁴ ten 300.
15 Manna, clusters 10.
16 All gems, pectorals, scarabaei, signets, cups, various, 175,635.

PLATE 71a

1 Alabaster blocks,⁵ 1.
2 Thread, ten 500.
3 Thread, hanks 19.
4 Blocks trimmed, seats of a galley, 72.
5 Sycamore, ebony sticks, 467.
6 Wood cut for the stand of a balance, 1.
______
1 Unknown gem.
2 The Uauat in Nubia near Syene.
3 Sam, bordered or inlaid.
4 Arabia or Somali.
5 Apap.

{p.43}

7 Snateni wood lances, 1.
8 Persea, cut, two yards, 1.
9 Sycamore seat of a balance, 1.
10 Sycamore sticks,¹ 2.
11 Cedar, various logs, 351.
12 Palm wood, cassia, ten 3,129.
13 Figs, bundles and clusters 37.
14 Tasheps² clusters and bundles 843, ten 20,000.

PLATE 71b

1 Barley of Kharu,³ bushels 45.
2 Ivory tusks, 1.
3 Mestem⁴ paint, ten 50.
4 Nekpata⁵ bunches 167.
5 Auftta,⁶ bunches 183.
6 Mahaten⁷ satas 3,100.
7 Samu,⁸ hetps 1,664.
8 Doum dates, grapes, figs, various fruit in sacks, and various apts, 2,382,650.
9 Cattle, young of cattle various, bulls, calves, cattle, beasts, 20,602.
10 Leucoryx gazelle, dorcas goats, 367.
11 Fat geese, living geese, water fowl, 353,919.
12 Salt, natron, bushels 1,843.
13 Salt and natron, bricks 355,084.
14 Onions, strings various, 345.
15 Sebekhi⁹ and pesh¹⁰ atenut¹¹ 1,944.

PLATE 72

1 Reeds and writing reeds, bundles 7,860.
2 Corn, bushels 46.
_______
1 Het.
2 A red fruit.
3 Northern Palestine or Syria.
4 Stibium.
5 Unknown fruit.
6 Beans.
7 Perhaps a kind of flax.
8 Unknown vegetable.
9 Appears elsewhere as a measure or quantity.
I0 Fragments.
11 Another kind of fragment or portion.

{p.44}

3 Best bread, offering bread, great tails, phallus bread, various, baskets 116,287.
4 Best bread, viands, fodder, malt, great heteps for the show place, heteps gilded, heteps for eating, 25,335.
5 Best bread, great loaves of bread for eating, loaves of barley bread, loaves of each kind, 6,272,431.
6 Food of all kinds, bushels 285,385.
7 Beer, vases various, 486,303.
8 Oil jars, pints 1,736.
9 Wax, ten 3,100.
10 Shaut¹ khitana² corn Southern, bushels 309,215.
11 Grapes, raisins, sacks 866.
12 Papyrus for sandals, yards 15,110.
13 Papyrus roots, apt 26,782.
14 Dates, bushels 930.
15 Flax, hanks 150.

PLATE 73

1 Leather for sandals, 3,720.
2 Pottery³ vases for wells, 9,610.
3 Fish, various, 490,000.
4 Pottery for ponds with fish having wooden bowls, 440.
5 Vegetables, flowers, grass papyrus, fodder seeds, handful I9,130,302.
6 Land prepared for olives, making arouras 10,003½.
7 Orchards of all sorts of trees, prepared, 6.
8 Places for cutting wood, 1.
9 Fire wood, blocks 1.
10 Charcoal, masor 3,367.
11 Incense, honey, oil, hair oil, fat, fruits, all kinds, fodder, milk, jars various, 1,933,766.
12 Gold, silver, real stones, images of HAPI⁴ nusa 48,236.
________
1 Kind of or portion of corn.
2 Kind of grain.
3 Karh, the modern gooleh, or water vase, here used for pottery in general.
4 The Nile god.

{p.45}

13 Real lapis lazuli, real turquoise, precious stone, lead, stone vases, statues of the HAPI,¹ 193,370.
14 Sycamore figures of HAPI, and REPA the wife of HAPI, 12,158.
15 Stone, abu² 31,650.
16 Stone abanu³ bunches 60.

PLATE 74

1 Mensh stone, jars 3.
2 Khenti⁴ sent⁵ 380.
3 Emerald,⁶ bunches 72.
4 Emerald, kat 32,500.
5 Nifu flowers, bundles 46,040.
6 Nifu flowers, pessas 310.
7 Banni⁷ stone, besa⁸ 351.
8 Hides of oxen, 37.
9 Fig flowers, 2,300.
10 Hair of the palm, 2,300.
11 Corn, bushels, divine supplies of the festivals of the heaven, festivals of the beginning of the year which he gave to these gods
12 in addition to the divine offerings, in addition by daily increase to redouble what was before, bushels 5,279,552.

HISTORICAL PART⁹
PLATE 75

1 Said the King the Son of the Sun RA-USER-MA, Beloved of AMEN, the Living, the Great God, to the Chiefs, the leaders of the land, the infantry and cavalry, the Sharu-tana,¹⁰ numerous mercenaries
_______
1 The god of the Nile.
2 Measure or shape.
3 Kind of stone or gem.
4 A kind of paint or mineral.
5 Drop-shaped jars like the Greek alabastos.
6 Kassa, alabaster rather, as kasem is emerald if kassa is not a grain.
7 A valuable kind of stone. Coptic bnoni.
8 Seats.
9 Trans. Soc. Bib. Arch., vol. V, part 2, p. 355.
10 Sardinian mercenaries who preceded at this early period the Greek in the Egyptian service.

{p.46}

2 and all the natives of the land of Tameri,¹ listen to what I tell you of my meritorious works which I performed as King of mortals. The land of Kami²
3 had fallen into confusion every one was doing what he wished, they had no superior for many years who had priority over the others. The land of Egypt was
4 under Chiefs of nomes, each person killing the other for ambition and jealousy. Other events coming after it distressing years, A-AR-SU a Kharu³
5 amongst them as Chief. He placed the whole country in subjection before him, one assembled his companions. Then were abused the things done to the gods as for
6 men, no offerings were made in the interior of temples, the gods were overthrown and laid upon the ground, he did according to his wish and plan.
7 They⁴ set up their son who emanates from their limbs to be the living Ruler of every land in their place the great RA-USER-SHAU, the Approved of the Sun, the Living, Son of the Sun, RA, SETNEKHT⁵ the Dearly beloved of AMMON, the Living.
8 He was as KHEPRA,⁶ SET,⁷ when he is indignant, he adjusted the whole land which was in insurrection, he slaughtered the abominable who were in the land of Tameri,  was purified
9 the great throne of Kami. He was living Ruler of both countries. He took trouble to set up what was perverted. Each one recognised his brother who were separated as by a wall.
10 He set up temples with divine supplies for offerings to the company of the gods according to the regulations. He
______
1 Northern Egypt.
2 Egypt in general.
3 A Syrian, of Northern Palestine.
4 The gods.
5 Or Nekhtset; but Setnekht resembles Amennekht, which is found.
6 Creator god, form of Ra the sun.
7 Typhon.

{p.47}

promoted me for the noble heir in the place of SEB.¹ I became great head of the lands of Kami² commanding

PLATE 76

1 the entire land assembled in one place. He was setting in its horizon as the company of the gods. They had made it for him, rowed in his royal boat upon the river.
2 He descended to his abode of eternity in the Western Uas.³ Was father AMEN, the Lord of the gods, RA, TUM, PTAH the handsome face, crowning me as Lord of the two countries, in place of my progenitor. I received the title of my father
3 with joy. The land was in peace. It was rejoicing at the offerings. They rejoiced at seeing me living Ruler of the two countries like HORUS who rules the two lands in place of OSIRIS, crowned
4 in the Atef crown having the uraeus, I put on the sacred crown of two plumes, like TATANEN,⁴ thou art seated on the throne of HORUS, Lord of the two horizons,⁵ thou art adorned with ornaments like TUM.
5 I made Ta-meri⁶ to be with numerous youths, with Officers of the palace, great Chiefs of the armies, and cavalry numerous as millions, Sharutana⁷
6 and Kahaka⁸8 without number with subjects by tens of thousands of Tameri I enlarged the frontiers of Egypt on all sides, I overthrew those who invaded them in their
7 lands I slaughtered the Taanau⁹ in their islands, the Thakaru,¹⁰ the Pulusata,¹¹ making to be consumed the Sharutana, the Uashesh¹² of the sea.
________
1 Saturn, or Chronos.
2 Egypt in general.
3 Gournah.
4 Ptah, Lord of Memphis.
5 Harmachis.
6 Northern Egypt.
7 Sardinian mercenaries who preceded at this early period the Greek in the Egyptian service.
8 Unknown people in Egyptian service.
9 Dauni or Danai.
10 Teucrians.
11 Pelasgi, or Philistines.
12 Osci.

{p.48}

8 They were made as if they were not existing, captured at once and led in captivity to Egypt like the sands of the shore. I enclosed them in a fortress fettered in my name, numerous were
9 their youth like hundreds of thousands, I compelled them entirely (to bear tribute of) clothes, and corn in the treasuries and granaries every year. I made an attack on the Sa-a-ru,¹ of the tribes of
10 the Shasu² I spoiled their villages of men and things, cattle also, bound and led them captive as tribute to Egypt.
11 l gave them to the gods as slaves for the temple. Lo I look that you see the other events which happened in Egypt under my government. The Rubu³ and

PLATE 77

1 Mashuash⁴ were seated in Kami⁵ they took the cities on the Western side from Ha-ka-ptah⁶ as far as Karbana reaching the great river on its entire side
2 for they had captured the town of Kaukut.⁷ For many years they were in Egypt. Lo I routed and slaughtered them at once overthrowing
3 the Mashuash, the Rubu, the Merbasat,⁸ the Kaikasha,⁹ the Shai,¹⁰ the Hasa,¹¹ the Bakana,¹² killing them, in their blood making like heaps.
4 I made them retreat over the confines of Egypt, I brought the remains from my sword¹³ as numerous captives flying like fowl before horses, their wives and children as tens of thousands,
5 their cattle in number as hundreds of thousands. I
________
1 Mount Seir.
2 The Shos or shepherds.
3 Libyans.
4 Maxyes.
5 Egypt.
6 Memphis.
7 Northern Heropolis.
8 Unknown.
9 Hellenic or Libyan race like the Achaioi.
10 Unknown people.
11 Unknown people.
12 Unknown people.
13 What was left alive from my sword.

{p.49}

seized their Captains in a fortress in my name. I made the Chiefs of the bowmen, I gave to them the great men of the tribes, branded,¹ made
6 slaves, of the ships in my name, their women and children I treated in the same manner. I brought their cattle to the house of AMEN given to him as a herd for eternity.
7 I made a very large well in the land of Aina. It is enclosed by a wall like a mountain of granite of 20 square feet on the basis 30 cubits high like a tower. Its doorpost
8 made of cedar wood, their locks of bronze with bolts. I built large vessels and transports, all equipped with numerous workmen, and many servants. Their
9 Captains of ships on them with surveyors and labourers to provide them with the products of Kami² without number, sailing away on the great sea
10 of the waters of Kat,³ they set out for the land of Punt,⁴ no mischief happens to them arriving safe. Laden are the ships and transports with all the products of T-aneter⁵
11 with all the unknown marvels of their land, the numerous spices of Punt laden as thousands innumerable. The nobility of Ta-neter going at the head of their tributes
12 in the direction of Kami. They depart, they arrive at the land of Kaba,⁶ they anchor in peace with the products they carried. Discharged on the landing on asses, on men, and loaded in
13 boats on the river and canals of Kaba, they come with averted faces,⁷ arriving with festivals having brought their tribute like marvels their nobility adoring my face,

PLATE 78

1 smelling the ground, prostrated before me. I gave
_______
1 Abu, burnt in some way and then converted into slaves.
2 Egypt.
3 Either the Red Sea or "water encircling the land."
4 Regio Barbarica, Somali.
5 Southern Arabia, or Socotora.
6 Coptos.
7 Or sailing on them.

{p.50}

them to the circle of all the gods of this country to satisfy their priorities every morning. I sent out messengers
2 to the land of Ataka¹ for the great foundries of copper which are in that place. Their transport vessels were loaded, having the rest by conveyance on their
3 asses. (Such) has not been heard of since there were kings. Having found their foundries (they were) loaded with ore, loaded as tens of thousands on their ships of burthen.
4 They moved along with their faces to Egypt arriving safely. The cargo was piled up in the magazines in
bricks of ore as it were hundreds of thousands they were of the colour
5 of gold. I let the people see them like marvels. I sent Officers and Chiefs to the land of Mafka² of my mother ATHOR mistress of turquoises carrying to her silver, gold, linen mixed linen things
6 numerous like the sand. There were brought to me marvels of real turquoises in numerous bags carried before me not to be seen again
8 while there are kings. I made to be planted the entire land with trees in leaf. I let the people sit in their shade. I let walk
9 the woman of Ta-mera at great pace³ to the place she wished, no wretch or persons molested her in the way. I made to repose the infantry and cavalry
10 in my time the Sharutana,⁴ and Kahaka⁵ in their towns laying down the length of (their) backs. They were not on the look out, they did not attack
_________
1 Unknown land, perhaps Taqa in Ethiopia.
2 The land of the Turquoise, or Mount Sinai, especially the Sarbit el Khadem.
3 Rat uskh, "feet extended," go along out of doors.
4 Sardinian mercenaries.
5 Libyan mercenaries.

{p.51}

11 Kush,¹ the enemies of Kharu.² (Their) bows (and) arms reposed in their arsenals. They ate and drank in jubilee,
12 their wives with them, and their children at their side they did not look behind them their hearts were pleased. I was amongst them, a protector defending their limbs
13 I gave the whole land to live the inferiors, the intelligent, mankind, the illumined, men as well as women I released a person from his offence, I gave to him breath.

PLATE 79

1 I delivered him from the force weighing heavily upon him. I put every man in his way³ in their towns. I let the others live in the halls of the gate⁴
2 I set right the land afresh which was retrograding. The land was well satisfied under my reign. I did well to gods and men also.
3 There was nothing coming to me from any person. I made my reign on earth as Ruler of the two countries. You were the slaves under my feet, I did not trample. You are
4 excellent in my heart as your presents.⁵ You are fulfilling my orders and my words. Lo I go down to Akert⁶ like father RA.⁷
5 I join the circle of the gods in heaven, earth and depths AMEN-RA places my son on my seat he receives my dignities in peace as Chief of the two lands sitting on the throne of HORUS and Lord of the two worlds join the atef crown
6 like TATUNEN,⁸ RA-USER-MA-SOTEP-EN-AMEN, the Living
____________
1 Ethiopia.
2 Syria.
3 Maten, possibly "at ease."
4 Sbau, or depth, "each man in his porch."
5 "In conformity to my presents."
6 The lower regions.
7 The setting sun.
8 Ptah or Patah.

{p.52}

the first-born son of RA who begat himself RAMESES-HEK-MA-MER-AMEN¹ the Living
7 the Beloved son of AMEN, issuing from his body crowned as Lord of the two lands like TATUNEN² he is the true approved by his father. Adhere to his sandals
8 smell the ground before him, stoop to him, serve him at every time, adore him, implore him, magnify his goodness as you do
9 to RA³ every morning, offer your tributes to him at his splendid palace. Conduct to him the blessings of lands, and nations who are full of his words
10 and his orders. These are taken by you as a treasure which is a precept. You are safe under his spirits. Work for him as one head in all his toils carrying monuments for him, digging for him
11 canals. Oh make for him the works of your hands, acquire his favour by his supplies daily. AMEN has ordered to him his kingdom upon earth, he multiplies his time of life
12 more than any King the King of Upper and Lower Egypt the Lord of both lands RA-USER-MA-SOTEP-EN-AMEN, the Living, the Son of RA, Lord of Diadems RAMESES-HEK-MA-MER-AMON, the Living, giving life in eternity.
_______
1 Rameses IV.
2 Ptah or Patah.
3 Here the rising sun.

{p.53}

ABSTRACT OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS IN
A CASE OF CONSPIRACY IN THE TIME OF RAMESES III
TRANSLATED BY
P. LE P. RENOUF.

THE following is the translation of a hieratic text contained in a papyrus belonging to the Royal Museum at Turin, and known to scholars under the title of Le Papyrus Judicaire de Turin, given to it by M. Deveria, who first published it in the Journal Asiatique of 1865, with a translation and dissertation extending over several numbers of the journal. The whole has also appeared as a separate publication. The document is unfortunately imperfect; the first page, which certainly set forth the nature of the case, being almost entirely destroyed. This defect is the more to be lamented because the pages which have been preserved throw but little light upon the nature of the crimes of the accused {p.54} persons. There was undoubtedly a conspiracy against the person of the sovereign, but we are left in the dark as to the kind of mischief intended by the conspirators. The text abounds in other difficulties which our present imperfect acquaintance with Egyptian archaeology does not enable us to overcome. One of the criminals, for instance, is "Fan-bearer of the Auit." I confess that I do not yet know of any satisfactory translation of the word Auit, which represents a corporation of some kind. M. Deveria connected the word with the notion of slaughter, but M. Chabas has shown how utterly erroneous is this supposition. Nor am I able to explain the exact nature of the Pa-chent, which was apparently a part of the royal palace or court. It is certainly a gross error to translate the word by "harem," as M. Deveria has done. "Women of the Pa-chent" no more imply an Egyptian harem than "Ladies of the Bedchamber" imply an English institution of the same nature. We must be content for the present with leaving certain Egyptian words untranslated, till we are sure that the right English equivalent has been discovered.

The most faulty portion of M. Deveria's translation is the royal declaration at the commencement. {p.55} According to it Rameses handed the accused over to a tribunal, not for trial but for execution, as if the judges were but the instruments of the despot's arbitrary will. M. Chabas has, in a most valuable dissertation on the subject (Melanges Egyptologiques, 3ème series, 1ère livraison), shown that such a translation is in direct opposition to the original text, according to which the Egyptian monarch, far from asserting the criminality of the accused, declares that "as to the talk which men hold he knows it not," that the judges are to find out the truth, to punish the guilty, but to beware of inflicting chastisement upon those who do not deserve it.

The name of one of the criminals, the major-domo, Paibakakamen, occurs on a contemporary document of which three fragments remain.¹ This latter text, which was also an abstract of criminal proceedings, dealt with a case of sorcery. A book of magic receipts, wax figures and love charms are mentioned, and a hand is said to have been paralyzed. Paibakakamen is named as having received the wax figures and prescriptions for paralyzing human limbs.
________
1 Two of these fragments are called the Lee Papyrus, and a facsimile of them is given in Sharpe's Egyptian Inscriptions, part II., plates 87 and 88. The third is called the Papyrus Rollin, and the facsimile of it was published by M. Deveria, in his dissertation on the Turin Papyrus.

{p.56}

It will be remarked that no less than three of the persons named in the earlier part of the following document as members of the judicial commission (Paibasat, the scribe Mai, and the fan-bearer Hora) appear later on in the position of accomplices in the conspiracy, and are condemned to death.

The expression au-f mut-nef t'esef, which I have translated "he suffered death," is a very remarkable one. The pronoun t'esef has a reflexive force, and very emphatically marks the agent of the deed or the efficient cause of the state expressed by the verb. As χeper t'esef signifies αύτογενής, "self-existent," so mut t'esef has the sense of αύτοθανατος, "dying by one's own hand."

The grammatical reasons are sufficient to convince me that all the criminals here condemned to death suffered by their own hand. There ought, surely, to be nothing startling in this if we remember that in the most civilized state of Greece (and indeed of all antiquity) persons condemned to death were ordinarily obliged to be their own executioners.

{p.57}

ABSTRACT OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS IN A CASE OF CONSPIRACY

PAGE 2